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2018人工全髋置换与股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的问题和方法

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发表于 2018-8-18 21:39:51 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
 【摘要】目的探讨人工全髋置换与股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法选择收治的股骨颈骨折患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,A组40例进行股骨头置换,B组40例进行人工全髋置换,比较两组患者围术期相关情况,通过电话或者门诊随访18个月,对比观察两组患者术后恢复情况及并发症情况。结果A组手术时间短于B组(P0.01),术中出血量少于B组(P0.01),术后引流量少于B组(P0.01)。A组发生假体脱位以及假体松动的百分率显著低于B组(P0.01),术后关节疼痛率显著高于B组(P0.05),可起身后立即行走的百分率显著低于B组(P0.01)。结论股骨头置换适用于高龄耐受性较差,对术后功能恢复要求不高者。
  【关键词】人工全髋置换;股骨头置换;老年;股骨颈骨折
  中图分类号:R687.3文献标识码:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.10031383.2015.03.017
  Comparison of effects of artificial total hip replacement and femoral
  head replacement for elderly patients with femoral neck fracture
  LAI Yingjing,JIA Shiqing,LIU Changsheng,CHEN Tao,ZHANG Xiang
  (Yulin Orthopedics Hospital of Chinese and Western Medicine,Yulin 537000,Guangxi,China)  本文由WwW. 提供,毕业论文 网专业代写教育教学论文和毕业论文以及发表论文服务,欢迎光临
  【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effects of artificial total hip replacement and femoral head replacement for elderly patients with femoral neck fracture.Methods80 cases of femoral neck fracture admitted to hospital were divided into group A and group B according to random number table,with 40 cases in each group.The group A underwent femoral head replacement,and the group B underwent artificial total hip replacement.Then,related conditions in preoperative period were compared between groups.All patients were followed up by phone or outpatient for 18 months,and then postoperative recovery and complications of the two groups were compared.Results Operative time of the group A was shorter than that of the group B (P0.01),amount of bleeding during operation was less than that of the group B (P0.01).Postoperative drainage was less than that of the group B (P0.01).Percentage of prosthetic dislocation and prosthetic loosening of the group A was significantly lower than that of the group B (P0.01),rate of postoperative joint pain was significantly higher than that of the group B (P0.01),and percentage of patients who could walk immediately after getting up was significantly lower than that of the group B(P0.01).ConclusionFemoral head replacement is suitable for elderly patients who have poor tolerance of treatment and low demand for functional recovery after operation.
  【Key words】artificial total hip replacement;femoral head replacement;the elderly;femoral neck fracture
  随着我国人口老龄化的发展,老年性疾病的发生率显著升高,其中老年患者发生股骨颈骨折的人数亦同时增加[1]。老年人群发生股骨颈骨折的主要原因有两方面,首先是因为骨质疏松,尤其是绝经后的老年女性,其骨密度和性激素显著下降;其次是因为髋关节周围的肌群出现老年性退行性改变,肌张力明显降低,对于较为剧烈的外力难以起到有效的抵抗作用[2]。老年人发生股骨颈骨折,往往合并有骨质疏松,营养不良以及免疫力低下等老年性改变,加上机体合并的多种内科疾病以及长期卧床而引发的多种并发症,如不及时治疗,将严重影响患者生活质量甚至威胁患者生命安全[3]。目前,常用于治疗股骨颈骨折的手术方法有人工髋关节置换以及单纯的股骨头置换术,其治疗老年股骨颈骨折各有利弊,本研究主要探讨人工全髋关节置换与人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效,现报告如下。  1资料与方法1.1一般资料选择2010年1月至2013年1月我院收治的股骨颈骨折患者80例,所有患者均经临床确诊,按照随机数字表法分为两组。A组40例,男15例,女25例,年龄60~88岁,平均(71.85.1)岁,陈旧性骨折19例,新鲜骨折21例,左侧16例,右侧24例,致伤原因:跌伤28例,交通损伤10例,压伤2例,移位程度:GardenⅢ型21例,Garden Ⅳ型19例。B组40例,男16例,女24例,年龄60~87岁,平均(71.85.2)岁,陈旧性骨 本文由WwW. 提供,毕业论文 网专业代写教育教学论文和毕业论文以及发表论文服务,欢迎光临折20例,新鲜骨折20例,左侧15例,右侧25例,致伤原因:跌伤29例,交通损伤10例,压伤1例,移位程度:GardenⅢ型22例,Garden Ⅳ型18例。所有患者术前均签署手术同意书及麻醉同意书,并申报医院伦理委员会批准同意。两组患者的年龄、骨折时间、骨折部位及移位程度、致伤原因等比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性。
  1.2手术方法
  1.2.1A组(股骨头置换)手术方法选择腰硬联合麻醉完成手术,术中取健侧卧位,于股骨大转子中心点后缘外侧入路行长约10 cm切口,逐层分离皮肤、皮下组织、筋膜层,分离肌肉,切开髋关节关节囊直至暴露骨折部位。采用股骨头取出器将离断股骨头取出,使用摆锯将股骨颈残端进行整形,保留股骨颈的短骨距离约1.0 cm,适当对股骨上骨髓腔隙进行扩髓处理后安装合适大小人工股骨头柄与金属头,将金属头置入髋臼内后行C型臂透视,明确复位后,缝合伤口。
  1.2.2B组(全髋置换)手术方法 选择腰硬联合麻醉完成手术,术中取健侧卧位,并采用与A组相同的方法暴露骨折部位,取出股骨头后对髋臼进行清理,并采用髋臼锉由小至大磨平髋臼的软骨面,观察髋臼软骨下骨板,一旦出现点状渗血后,测定患肢前倾与外展角度,置入合适大小人工髋臼并固定,之后采用与A组相同的方式处理股骨颈残端,并置入人工金属头。
  1.3观察指标比较两组患者围术期相关情况,
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