[摘要] 目的 探讨情景教学模式在七年制儿科临床见习教学中的应用效果。 方法 选择在北京友谊医院儿科见习的首都医科大学2009级临床医学专业七年制学生(儿科见习时间2014年9月~2014年12月),分为情景教学组(24名)和传统教学组(20名)。根据考试成绩来评价教学效果,并通过问卷调查形式了解情景教学对学生各方面的影响。 结果 情景教学组专业知识成绩为(89.23.6)分,高于传统教学组的(86.13.3)分,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);但临床技能考核两组差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。问卷调查结果显示情景教学有助于培养及提高学生临床思维方式的形成,提高自学能力、解决问题能力。 结论 情景教学较于传统教学有明显的优越性,学生易于接受,积极主动性高,有利于长年制医学生临床思维的培养。
[关键词] 情景教学;临床见习 ;儿科;长学制教育
[中图分类号] R05 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)03(a)-0149-04
Application of situational teaching in the pediatric clinical probation for students of seven-year program
DING Yingxue CUI Hong
Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the application of situational teaching mode in the pediatric clinical probation for students of seven-year program. Methods Clinical professional seven-year program students, Grade 2009 of Capital Medical University (practiced in Department of Pediatrics during September 2014 to December 2014) were selected and divided into two groups, situational teaching group (24 students) and traditional teaching group (20 students), situational teaching group was assigned to situational teaching group, traditional teaching group was assigned to traditional teaching group, the effectiveness of teaching was assessment by student test scores and influences of students were realized by questionnaire survey. Results Theory scores of situational teaching group was (89.23.6) scores, it was significantly higher than that of the traditional teaching group [(86.13.3) scores], the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). However, clinical skills between two groups were compared, the difference was not statistically significant (P 0.05). Questionnaire survey results showed situational teaching promoted the skills of self-study, collaboration, clinical thinking mode and problem solving. Conclusion Compared with traditional teaching mode, situational teaching highlighted the superiority of high positive initiative of students, reliable acceptance and more helpful in culture of the clinical thinking.
[Key words] Situational teaching; Clinical probation; Pediatrics; Education of long schooling program
长学制医学教育是我国培养高层次医学人才的需要,由于长学制医学生的专业特殊性和学制特殊性,在学业发展中存在一些独特的规律[1]。七年制医学专业设立之初的培养目标是培养适应我国社会主义现代化建设实际需要的德、智、体全面发展的达到硕士水平的高级临床医师,为了实现这一目标,各个医学院校制订了各具特色的培养方案,注重全面提高学生的素质和创新能力,整体优化,面向临床,达到临床医学硕士专业学位的要求[2]。儿科学是临床医学中非常独特的一个学科,从新生儿至14岁各年龄层次均有,由于其年龄特点,多数患儿不能主动叙述病情,且大多是独生子女,家长对其病情关注度高,情绪易激动。七年制医学生临床见习、实习时间均较五年制医学生长,不仅要学会运用有效的医患沟通方法及儿科诊疗技巧去解决临床的诊治问题,更要注重此阶段的临床思维方法和临床技能的培养[3],因此七年制儿科临床见习面临较大的挑战[4]。传统的临床教学模式已不适合儿科学长学制医学教育的发展。面对新的挑战,我们在七年制儿科临床见习中尝试情景教学法,在实践教学中取得了良好效果。情景教学(situational teaching)是指在教学过程中通过设计与教学内容相辅相成的具体场景,将理论知识演化成直观内容,激发学生的学习动机和学习兴趣,促其主动参与教学过程的一种教学模式[5]。情景教学以教育心理学中的社会建构主义模式为理论基础,确认了学习过程中教师、学生、任务、环境等各因素对学习过程的影响[6]。学生在亲身体验过程中,变被动为主动,既有助于临床思维模式的建立,又能增强理论知识的融会贯通能力,以及对实际问题的应变能力和处理能力[7]。近年来,情景教学模式在教育界应用越来越广泛,而且越来越多的医学院开始尝试这种教学模式[8-9]。
1 对象与方法
1.1 研究对象
选择首都医科大学2009级在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院儿科见习的临床医学专业七年制学生,儿科见习时间为2014年9~12月,分为传统教学组和情景教学组,其中情景教学组共24名,男8名,女16名,平均年龄为(22.060.38)岁;传统教学组20名,男6名,女14名,平均年龄为(21.950.56)岁,两组年龄、性别比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 教学实施
1.2.1 传统教学组 采用传统的灌注式床边教学。即老师起主体作用,带领学生床边观察患者,可进行询问病史,体格检查等操作,最终由老师集中概括分析该病的发生机制、病理演变、诊断及鉴别诊断等。
12.2 情景教学组 ①在见习前1周,预先向学生提供病例,并提出问题,3~4人为一组,让学生围绕问题,查找和搜集相应的资料,给出结论,并说明诊断依据。②见习时根据病例设置情景,情景的设置含有大量鉴别诊断信息并要求学生进行实际演练。学生需扮演不同的角色如医生、患儿家属、患儿,模拟不同的场景如门诊、病房或院