[摘要]目的:观察755nm皮秒激光治疗黄褐斑的临床疗效及不良反应。方法:随机选取2015年12月-2016年12月笔者科室门诊黄褐斑患者52例,使用755nm皮秒激光治疗,7周治疗1次,1个疗程治疗3~4次,疗程结束后进行黄褐斑平均面积和严重程度指数评分,同时患者接受满意度调查,记录不良反应,并进行相关统计学分析。结果:52例黄褐斑患者经2~4次治疗后,所有患者均获得不同程度的改善,其中12例的改善率达到60%以上,32例达到50%以上改善,无1例出现严重副反应,同时还有改善皮肤质地的作用,90%以上的患者表示满意。结论:755nm皮秒激光治疗黄褐斑具有肯定的临床疗效,并且副作用小,在?R床上有良好的应用价值。
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[关键词]皮秒激光;黄褐斑;疗效;755nm;不良反应
[中图分类号]R758.4+2 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2017)09-0065-03
Application of the Pico-second Laser for the Treatment of Melasma
SUN Hui 1,2,WU Zhi-bo1,NI Xiao-li1,HUANG Fei-ran2, WANG Da-guang2
(1.Department of Dermatology,the Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu,China;2.Department of Dermatology,the First Affiliated Hospital,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu,China)
Abstract: Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of the 755nm picosecond laser to treat melasma. Methods Total 52 outpatients with melasma in our hospital during December 2015 to December 2016 were randomly selected for treatment with 755nm picosecond laser.These patients were treated once every 7 weeks, 3-4 times as a course. The average area of melasma and severity index scores were calculated respectively before and after treatment. The adverse effects and patient satisfaction survey were recorded at the same time. Then statistical analysis was performed. Results 52 cases of chloasma patients after 2-4 treatment, chloasma patients had different degrees of improvement, 12 cases improvement rate reached more than 60% and more than 50% of the 32 cases improved.No serious adverse reactions occurred in the patients, and the effect of improving the texture of the skin, more than 90% of patients expressed satisfaction. Conclusion The application effect of the picosecond laser treatment is better, and it has the value of popularization and popularization in clinic.
Key words: picosecond laser;melasma;curative effect;755nm;untoward effect
黄褐斑是临床常见皮肤疾病,主要特征是面部出现黄褐色或深褐色斑片,多分布于颧部、颊部、前额、鼻部和眶周[1]。黄褐斑发病机制不明,临床无特别有效治疗手段,既往采用多种激光治疗,但效果有限,有些甚至导致皮损加重。755nm皮秒激光于2012年上市,由于该激光选择性强,已有文献报道该激光对色素性疾病具有良好疗效[2]。为观察755nm皮秒激光对黄褐斑的治疗效果和不良反应,笔者采用755nm皮秒激光治疗52例黄褐斑患者,医患共同评价治疗效果与不良反应,现将结果报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 研究对象:收集2016年4月-2016年12月在南京医科大学友谊整形外科医院门诊就诊的黄褐斑患者52例,均为女性,年龄24~48岁,平均为(39.45±6.16)岁,病程6个月~14年,平均(6.1±4.7)年。52例患者根据皮损分型,蝶形型16例(30.7%),面中部型22例(42.3%),泛发型14例(26.9%)。52例患者根据Fitzpatrick光生物学分型,Ⅱ型5例(9.6%),Ⅲ型28例(53.8%),Ⅳ型19例(36.6%)。所有患者入组前均被告知研究目的、风险和利益及治疗潜在的并发症,并签署知情同意书,治疗前后均拍照存档。 1.2 入组标准:①符合诊断标准的黄褐斑[3];②治疗前3个月内未接受过药物等其他方法治疗。排除标准:①治疗期间中止治疗或更换方法者;②患有其他疾病(如颧部褐青色痣、白癜风、Riehl黑变病等);③不能做到术后避光或防晒;④孕妇、银屑病、白癜风、特应性皮炎、瘢痕体质、糖尿病和(或)合并有单纯疱疹、肝病等传染性疾病者;⑤资料不全影响疗效判断者。52例患者均未在排除标准范围内。
1.3 仪器及参数:采用美国赛诺秀755nm蜂巢皮秒激光―Picosure,波长755nm,频率10Hz,光斑直径6~8mm,能量密度0.40~0.71J/cm2。
1.4 治疗方法:治疗前患者先清洁面部皮肤,留取正面及左右两侧45°照片,签署知情同意书。治疗参数同上,治疗过程中以患者皮肤微红微热为治疗终点。治疗完成后,冷喷45min,让患者注意保湿防晒。皮秒激光共治疗4次,每隔1个半月治疗1次,治疗6个月后判定疗效。
1.5 疗效指标
1.5.1 医生评价:每次评价由固定的2名皮肤科医生进行,对有歧义的结果,由第3位医生再评价,取结果一致者。疗效判定标准根据Kimbrough-Green等[4]制定的MASI计算公式(Melasma Area and Severity Index)进行评定,见表1。MASI评分下降百分率=(治??前MASI-治疗后MASI)/治疗前MASI×100%,其中MASI评分下降百分率≥50%为有效。MASI评分复发百分率=(随访12周后MASI-治疗后MASI)/(治疗前MASI-治疗后MASI)×100%,其中MASI评分复发百分比≥25%为复发。前额评分=0.3×(D+H)×A,右颧部评分=0.3×(D+H)×A,左颧部评分=0.3×(D+H)×A,颏部评分= 0.1×(D+H)×A,MASI总分为以上分值总和。
1.5.2 疗效判定标准:基本愈合:色斑面积消退>90%,皮肤基本恢复正常;显效:色斑面积消退61%~90%,颜色明显变淡;好转:色斑面积消退31%~60%,颜色淡化,但皮损仍有边界;无效:色斑面积参考文献]
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[收稿日期]2017-03-08 [修回日期]2017-05-30
编辑/李阳利