[摘要] 目的 观察P27kip-1(以下简称P27)是否通过调控Bcl-2影响哮喘大鼠气道重塑的发生发展。 方法 SPF级雄性大鼠30只随机分成正常对照组和哮喘组,各15只。用卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏和激发的方法制备哮喘模型。观察各组大鼠肺组织病理超微结构变化,分析支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的细胞分类计数,并采用免疫组化法测定各组大鼠肺组织中P27、Bcl-2表达情况。 结果 哮喘组嗜酸粒细胞计数比例均显著高于对照组(P http://
[关键词] 哮喘;P27;Bcl-2;气道重塑
[中图分类号] R562.25 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)34-0028-04
Effect of P27 on airway smooth muscle remodeling in asthmatic rats by regulating Bcl-2
XU Hui LEI Dan PENG Yanping DAI Yuanrong
Department of Respiratory Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate whether P27kip-1(hereinafter referred to as P27) regulates the development of airway remodeling in asthmatic rats via Bcl-2. Methods 30 SPF male rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=15) and asthma group(n=15). Asthma models were prepared by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). The pathological and ultrastructural changes of lung tissue in each group were observed. The cell differential count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was analyzed. The expressions of P27 and Bcl-2 in lung tissue of each group were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The percentage of eosinophil count in asthma group was significantly higher than that in control group(P 1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 动物模型的制备 按照随机数字表法将30只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(C组,n=15)和哮喘组(A组,n=15),饲养于温州医科大学实验动物中心,参考相关文献[8]略加改进制备哮喘模型,哮喘组分别于第1天和第8天大鼠腹腔注射1 mL OVA/AL(OH)3混合液,内含1 mg OVA和100 mg Al(OH)3致敏,正常对照组用生理盐水代替。第15天开始用含1% OVA的生理盐水进行激发,每日激发哮喘1次,共6周。哮喘组大鼠表现出呼吸急促、喘息、抽搐等症状,可闻及喘鸣音,严重者出现动作迟缓、俯卧不动、反应迟钝等症状,对照组则无此症状,大体行为上提示造模成功,造模成功后继续行组织切片观察大鼠肺组织超微结构变化。
1.2.2 各组大鼠肺组织病理超微结构的变化 各组大鼠分别于末次激发后24 h内,10%水合氯醛溶液(5 mL/kg)腹腔麻醉。切取左肺肺门中上、中下肺段组织,做石蜡包埋切片,分别做HE和免疫组化。切片在HE染色后,于光镜下观察哮喘组和正常对照组的肺组织结构,是否存在上皮损伤,以及观察支气管及血管周围是否存在炎症浸润。
1.2.3 细胞分类计数 BALF液离心,取沉渣用PBS重悬后滴于载玻片上涂片,晾干后用加瑞氏染液固定,再加等量缓冲液与染料混匀后进行染色,约5~10 min,再用自来水缓慢冲去染液。在高倍镜下,选择染色良好的区域,并且按一定顺序,对200个白细胞做细胞分类计数。
1.2.4 凋亡指数的测定 高倍镜下(×400)随机取管腔直径1000 μm左右的支气管,每张切片至少观察500个支气管平滑肌细胞,计算每100个支气管平滑肌细胞中的凋亡细胞数,求得凋亡指数(AI),AI=凋亡细胞数/总细胞数×100%。
1.2.5 免疫组化法检测 ASMCs上caveolin-1、p-AKT的表达 按SABC免疫组织化学染色方法检测肺组织P27、Bcl-2蛋白表达。试剂盒为上海晶美生物技术有限公司生产,按说明书操作步骤进行操作,P27、Bcl-2抗体的稀释度均为1∶100。对照试验选用PBS代替一抗,其他步骤相同。以气道平滑肌层为分析对象,进行测定P27、Bcl-2阳性表达的平均吸光度值。
1.3 统计学方法
应用 SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行分析,计量资料予以正态性检验,用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,两变量的相关分析采用Pearson等级相关法,P理学基础。哮喘时气道平滑肌细胞存在增殖增加和凋亡不足[13],共同参与气道重塑的形成。因此,应该把支气管平滑肌细胞作为哮喘气道重塑研究的标靶。
近年来,随着细胞分子生物学的发展,对调控细胞增殖的中心事件即细胞周期的调控机制有了更为深刻的认识。各种丝裂原通过不同的信号传导途径促进细胞增殖,都是要经过细胞分裂周期来完成的,而各级细胞因子对细胞周期进行了精密的调控。P27基因定位于人类染色体12p13,编码198个氨基酸,具有高保守性。P27蛋白主要定位于细胞核,N段第28-87位氨基酸中有两个丝氨酸磷酸化位点,介导周期蛋白依赖激酶(CDK)活性的抑制。P27作为细胞周期负性调节因子,动物研究发现,几乎所有组织均表达P27蛋白,参与细胞增殖和凋亡调节的P27蛋白极有可能在一些与细胞凋亡紧密相关的疾病中扮演着重要角色。对乳腺癌细胞和其他肿瘤细胞的研究表明P27的?^度表达不仅诱导细胞周期阻滞,还促进凋亡发生[14-17]。凋亡通常发生在G1期,G1期的阻滞会加速或促进凋亡。所以G1晚期表达的P27蛋白应该是凋亡调节的节点之一。携有P27的腺病毒载体已经在动物实验中具有很好的促细胞凋亡作用。其对气道平滑肌细胞的凋亡是否也有调节作用?P27是通过什么途径促进细胞凋亡的? ?胞凋亡是受严格控制的细胞死亡过程,与多种疾病密切相关,是当今生命科学研究中最热门的领域之一。在细胞凋亡过程中,Bcl-2家族成员起着至关重要的作用,其中Bcl-2被认为是抑制细胞凋亡最重要的调控基因。Bcl-2 家族对于线粒体膜上的膜通透性孔道的开放和关闭起关键的调节作用。有研究发现,Bcl-2可抑制线粒体膜电位的降低,减少细胞色素C和凋亡诱导因子的释放及Caspase(半胱天冬酶)的激活,从而抑制细胞凋亡[18-19]。在无死亡信号刺激时,Bcl-2作为抗凋亡蛋白被细胞器膜隔离起来,在收到死亡信号刺激时便发生构象变化,从胞液易位到线粒体外膜上,使抗凋亡蛋白丧失对凋亡的抑制[20-21]。通过本实验结果显示哮喘组P27蛋白的表达量低于对照组,相关分析结果表明,P27表达量与细胞凋亡率呈正相关,提示P27分子可能参与调节气道平滑肌凋亡过程,哮喘组P27表达减少,Bcl-2表达增加,导致平滑肌细胞凋亡不足,促进了哮喘气道重塑。本课题组前期研究发现,P27能激活线粒体凋亡通路,促进细胞凋亡,本研究结果显示,其作用机制可能是通过调控Bcl-2实现的。
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(收稿日期:2017-10-25)