[摘要] 目的 研究经肛门腔镜下直肠癌根治术护理要点。方法 方便选择2014年7月―2017年2月该院收治的150例择期行经肛门腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者,作为研究对象,分析其一般资料,总结护理要点。 结果 所有患者对护理质量各项指标评分均较高。术前,所有患者焦虑评分为(66.28±1.01)分、术后1日再次测评,结果为(44.10±1.06)分,表明经护理干预后患者心理焦虑情绪得到较好缓解(t=185.535,P=0.000)。结论 为经肛门腔镜直肠癌根治术治疗的患者实施围手术期护理干预,护理重点内容包括术前心理护理、病情观察、术前健康宣教、术中体位、器械清点等,可有效提高护理质量,改善患者心理焦虑。
http://
[关键词] 肛门;腔镜;直肠癌;护理要点
[中图分类号] R473.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)10(c)-0158-03
Nursing Summarization of Transanal Endoscopic Radical Resection of Rectal Cancer
HE Feng-yi, ZENG Xiao-zhen
Operation Room, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510655 China
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to study the nursing essentials of transanal endoscopic radical resection of rectal carcinoma. Methods 150 cases of transanal endoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer from July 2014 to February 2017 in this hospital were convenient selected as the research objects, and their general data were analyzed, the nursing points were summarized. Results Each nursing score by all the patients were high. Before surgery, the anxiety score of all patients was (66.28±1.01)points, the evaluation after a day was (44.10±1.06) points, indicating that the nursing intervention of psychological anxiety emotion of patients had better remission(t=185.535, P=0.000). Conclusion Transanal laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer patients received perioperative nursing intervention, including preoperative psychological nursing, disease observation, preoperative health education, intraoperative posture, instrument checking, can effectively improve the quality of nursing, improve the patients’ psychological anxiety.
[Key words] Anus; Endoscope; Rectal cancer; Nursing essentials
直肠癌作为消化道常见恶性肿瘤,其发病部位在齿状线至直肠乙状结肠交界处,属于低位癌,发病率及死亡率均较高,临床可利用乙状结肠镜确诊,因位置特殊、生理解剖关系复杂,疾病治疗难度较大,治疗手段以手术为主,主要术式包括腹腔镜直肠癌根治术、达芬奇外科手术、低位直肠癌经肛手术等。随着腹腔镜技术在外科的应用范围不断扩大,腹腔镜直肠癌根治术逐渐被患者接受,相较于开腹直肠癌根治术,腹腔镜手术主要优势包括微创、术后恢复快、遗留瘢痕小等[1-2]。该次研究方便选择2014年7月―2017年2月该院收治的150例择期行经肛门腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者,手术过程指经经肛门置入内镜进入腹腔进行手术,现分析并总结围手术期护理要点,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选择该院收治的150例择期行经肛门腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者,作为研究对象,包括男性患者96例、女性54例,年龄范围在34~69岁间,平均为(51.0±4.1)?q,病理分型:高分化癌34例、低分化癌49例、乳头状癌22例、黏液腺癌45例;患者学历分布: 小学28例、初中34例、高中55例、大专20例、本科13例。Dukes分型:A型49例、B型52例、C型49例。纳入标准:该次研究已取得患者本人同意;取得医院伦理委员会及相关部门批准后实施;患者自愿签署手术知情同意书;患者意识清楚,无精神障碍。排除标准:需排除合并其他机体严重并发症患者;排除生活无法自理患者;排除中途放弃治疗患者[3]。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 手术方法 常规碘伏消毒肛门,铺无菌巾,留置导尿管。充分扩肛,用圆形拉钩将肛门拉开,经半圆肛窥明视下距肿瘤下缘1 cm和2 cm分别以2/0微乔线行两圈荷包缝合,隔离肿瘤。置入单孔穿刺器,保持二氧化碳压力12 mmHg,腔镜下用超声刀切开直肠后壁,首先进入直肠后间隙在无血管区域向近段、两侧游离,游离两侧时注意保护输尿管及盆丛神经。经前方或者右侧进入腹腔后将游离直肠向腹侧翻转,继续沿后方近端游离,紧贴直肠固有筋膜游离,游离到左右髂总动脉交叉处时继续向近段游离2 cm左右即可看到肠系膜下动脉根部从腹主动脉发出,结扎切断肠系膜下血管。充分游离乙状结肠系膜,撤离单孔穿刺器,将游离肠管从肛门拖出,切断肠管,移除标本置入吻合器蘑菇头,经会阴置入胶管引流管到低前。然后在直肠切开处以2/0微乔线荷包全层缝合,将吻合器与蘑菇头对合后收紧荷包线进行肠管端端吻合,最后放置肛管。