【摘要】 目的 探讨静脉麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉在结直肠癌患者手术麻醉中的效果。方法 40例结直肠癌患者为研究对象, 采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组, 每组20例。对照组行静脉全身麻醉(全麻), 观察组行静脉全麻联合硬膜外麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果、不同时刻心率及动脉压、术后麻醉相关不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组患者麻醉效果优15例、良5例、差0例, 优良率为100.00%(20/20);对照组患者麻醉效果优13例、良3例、差4例, 优良率为80.00%(16/20);观察组麻醉优良率明显高于对照组, 差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.444, P0.05)。两组患者麻醉前(T0)时心率及平均动脉压对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);切皮后5 min(T1)、切皮后15 min(T2)、术后10 min(T3)时两组心率及平均动脉压均有波动, 对照组波动更为明显, 与观察组对比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后麻醉相关不良反应发生率为5.00%(1/20), 明显低于对照组的30.00%(6/20), 差??具有统计学意义(χ2=4.329, P0.05)。结论 在结直肠癌根治手术中应用静脉麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉, 效果显著, 患者生命体征平稳, 安全性高, 值得推广。
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【关键词】 结直肠癌;静脉麻醉;硬膜外麻醉
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2018.03.006
【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the effect of intravenous anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia in surgical anesthesia for patients with colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 40 patients with colorectal cancer were divided by random number table method into control group and observation group, with 20 cases in each group. The control group received intravenous general anesthesia, and the observation group received intravenous general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia. Comparison were made on anesthesia effect, heart rate and arterial pressure at different times, postoperative anesthesia-related adverse reactions between two groups. Results The observation group had 15 excellent cases, 5 good cases and 0 poor case by anesthesia effect, with excellent-good rate as 100.00% (20/20), while the control group had 13 excellent cases, 3 good cases and 4 poor cases by anesthesia effect, with excellent-good rate as 80.00% (16/20). The observation group had obviously higher anesthesia excellent-good rate than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.444, P0.05). Both groups had no statistically significant difference in heart rate and mean arterial pressure before anesthesia (T0) (P0.05). Both groups had fluctuation at 5 min after skin incision (T1), 15 min after skin incision (T2) and 10 min after operation (T3), and the control group had more obvious fluctuation, and their difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The observation group had obviously lower incidence of postoperative anesthesia-related adverse reactions as 5.00% (1/20) than 30.00% (6/20) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.329, P0.05). Conclusion Application of intravenous anesthesia and epidural anesthesia shows remarkable effect in radical surgery for colorectal cancer with high safety. Patients have stable vital signs, and it is worth promoting. 【Key words】 Colorectal cancer; Intravenous anesthesia; Epidural anesthesia
结直肠癌是高发性消化系统恶性肿瘤, 根治性手术是当前治疗该症首选方法。静脉麻醉作为一种全身麻醉手段, 在临床中得到广泛运用[1-3]。本研究为进一步探寻结直肠癌手术最佳麻醉方案, 对患者应用静脉麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉, 报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1. 1 一般资料 选取2015年4月~2017年3月接受结根治术治疗的40例结直肠癌患者为研究对象, 经伦理委员会审查并批准, 以随机数字表法将患者分为观察组与对照组, 每组20例。对照组中男11例, 女9例, 年龄24~72岁, 平均年龄(49.35±13.26)岁。观察组中男12例, 女8例, 年龄23~74岁, 平均年龄(49.59±13.21)岁。两组患者性别、年龄等一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05), 具有可比性。
1. 2 方法 两组患者术前30 min均给予苯巴比妥100 mg、阿托品0.5 mg肌内注射, 对心率、血压、呼吸等予以监测。开放静脉通道, 给予乳酸钠林格液, 5 ml/(kg?min)。对照组行静脉全麻, 麻醉诱导选择依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg, 咪唑安定
0.05 mg/kg, 顺式阿曲库铵0.2 mg/kg, 瑞芬太尼3 μg/kg, 静脉注射, 麻醉诱导完成后行气管插管, 连接麻醉机。通过微量泵持续静脉输入瑞芬太尼8~12 μg/(kg?h), 顺式阿曲库铵0.15~0.20 μg/(kg?h), 丙泊酚4~6 μg/(kg?h)维持麻醉, 手术结束停止全身麻醉给药, 患者生命体征正常后拔管。观察组行静脉麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉, 于L2~3间隙性硬膜外穿刺, 穿刺成功后, 给予2%利多卡因4 ml, 硬膜外注射, 阻滞平面确认较好后, 给予0.75%布比卡因5 ml与2%利多卡因15 ml混合液, 硬膜外注射。静脉麻醉诱导方法同对照组, 气管插管后, 给予瑞芬太尼0.2 μg/(kg?min), 丙泊酚4 μg/(kg?min)微量泵持续静脉输入, 之后每隔1 h硬膜外注射0.75%布比卡因5 ml与2%利多卡因15 ml混合液, 手术结束停止全身麻醉给药。
1. 3 观察指标及评价标准[4-6] ①麻醉效果判定, 优:镇痛、肌松效果满意, 阻滞完善, 手术顺利完成;良:镇痛、肌松效果良好, 有轻度牵拉反应, 需增加镇痛、镇静药物剂量;差:镇痛、肌松不全, 术中牵拉反应明显, 影响手术操作;优良率=(优+良)/总例数×100%。②记录两组患者T0、T1、T2、T3时的心率及平均动脉压, 平均动脉压=(2×舒张压+收缩压)/3。③观察两组患者术后麻醉相关不良反应发生情况。
1. 4 统计学方法 采用SPSS15.0统计学软件进行统计分析。计量资料以均数±标准差( x-±s)表示, 采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2检验。P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
2 结果
2. 1 两组麻醉效果对比 观察组患者麻醉效果优15例、良5例、差0例, 优良率为100.00%(20/20);对照组患者麻醉效果优13例、良3例、差4例, 优良率为80.00%(16/20);观察组麻醉优良率明显高于对照组, 差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.444, P0.05)。
2. 2 两组不同阶段心率及平均动脉压对比 两组患者T0时心率及平均动脉压对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05); T1、T2、T3时两组心率及平均动脉压均有波动, 对照组波动更为明显, 与观察组对比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。见表1。