[摘要] 目的 ?u价发光二极管(LED)作为纤支镜光源在胸科手术中的应用。 方法 选择2016年7~12月入组的60例需行左肺手术的患者,随机分成A组(传统光源,n=30)和B组(LED光源,n=30),比较两组的左侧对位时间、再次对位次数、术中肺萎陷情况及对位成功率。同时选取60例需行右肺手术的患者,随机分成C组(传统光源,n=30)和D组(LED光源,n=30),记录右侧对位时间、再次对位次数、术中肺萎陷情况及对位成功率。 结果 A组和B组对位时间[(32.6±9.8)s vs (36.4±9.9)s]、C组和D组对位时间[(41.1±11.0)s vs (40.2±11.2)s]均无明显差异(P>0.05)。A组和B组单肺时间[(74.4±20.9)min vs (81.6±21.5)min]、C组和D组单肺时间[(75.0±22.1)min vs (80.1±23.6)min]均无明显差异(P>0.05)。A和B组术中再次对位次数[(1.00±0.22)次 vs (0.83±0.20)次]、C组和D组术中再次对位次数[(2.37±0.61)次 vs (2.97±0.82)次]均无明显差异(P>0.05)。A组和B组术中肺萎陷情况[(1.87±0.42)分 vs (2.21±0.40)分]、C组和D组术中肺萎陷情况[(1.86±0.41)分 vs (1.79±0.36)分]均无明显差异(P>0.05)。4组对位成功率均为100%。左肺和右肺术中封堵管再次对位次数比较[(1.02±0.21)次 vs (2.67±0.58)次],差异有统计学意义(P /6/view-10764230.htm
[关键词] 发光二极管;胸科手术;医学光源;封堵管
[中图分类号] R614;R197 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)35-0012-04
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the application of light-emitting diode(LED) as a light source of bronchofiberscope in thoracic surgery. Methods From July to December 2016, 60 patients who were in need of left lung surgery were selected and randomly divided into group A(n=30, traditional light source) and group B(n=30, LED light source). The time of left alignment, the number of re-alignment, intraoperative lung collapse and alignment success rate were compared between the two groups. At the same time, 60 patients who were in need of right lung surgery were randomly divided into group C (n=30, traditional light source) and group D(n=30, LED light source). The time of right alignment, the number of re-alignment, intraoperative lung collapse and alignment success rate were recorded. Results The alignment time in group A and group B[(32.6±9.8 s)s vs (36.4±9.9)s], and the alignment time in group C and group D[(41.1±11.0)s vs (40.2±11.2)s]) were not significantly different(P>0.05). The single lung time in group A and group B [(74.4±20.9)min vs (81.6±21.5)min], and the single lung time in group C and group D[(75.0±22.1)min vs (80.1±23.6)min], were not significantly different(P>0.05). The number of intraoperative re-alignment in group A and group B[(1.00±0.22) times vs (0.83±0.20) times], and the number of intraoperative re-alignment in group C and group D [(2.37±0.61) times vs (2.97±0.82) times], were not significantly different(P>0.05). The intraoperative lung collapse in group A and group B[(1.87±0.42) points vs (2.21±0.40) points], and the intraoperative lung collapse in group C and group D[(1.86±0.41) points vs (1.79±0.36) points, were not significantly different(P>0.05). The alignment success rate in all four groups was 100%. The number of re-alignment of plugging tube in the left and right lungs were compared[(1.02±0.21) times vs (2.67±0.58) times], with statistical significance(P [Key words] Light-emitting diode (LED); Thoracic surgery; Medical light source; Plugging tube
发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED)在日常生活中已经得到了广泛的应用,同时在医学实践中也得到了广泛的使用[1-3],如可视喉镜、无影灯等[4];同时也广泛地应用于基础研究中[5,6]。目前胸外科手术需单肺通气时常使用听诊或纤支镜来进行对位,纤支镜通常需要用专门的光源来照亮,但面临着灯泡寿命有限、体积过于庞大、设备费用昂贵等缺点。我们发明的LED灯可作为纤维支气管镜的光源,应用于胸科需单肺通气的手术中,取得了良好的效果。
1 资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选择本院2016年7~12月期间拟行肺部手术,需术中行单肺通气的腔镜手术,手术中均使用COOPDECH封堵管来进行闭肺操作的患者。患者年龄40~75岁,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,张口度、头颈活动度正常,均无明显心肺功能异常,化验、检查指标基本正常。排除标准:术前评估可能的困难气道;急?\手术;存在封堵管的禁忌证;气道或肺有出血感染并发症;BMI>39 kg/m2或BMI0.05),见表1。
1.2 方法
所有患者术前均签署知情同意书并得到医院伦理委员会的批准,入室常规心电、血氧、血压监测,诱导给予咪唑0.03~0.05 mg/kg,舒芬太尼0.4~0.5 μg/kg,丙泊酚1~2 mg/kg,至少0.7 mg/kg的罗库溴铵,充分给氧去氮后3 min使用可视喉镜插入女性8.0 ID、男性8.5 ID普通气管导管。气管导管放置好后,充分吸痰,封堵导管充分润滑再盲插封堵导管到45~50 cm。试验中使用的纤支镜均为目镜,非可视纤支镜。用纤支镜插入侧孔开始对位,此时由另外一名助手进行计时(插入纤支镜到拔出纤支镜的时间)。四组均在光源侧用黑色的袋子包裹,LED光源连接一根线到传统光源的机器上,让操作者无法得知使用的是传统光源还是LED光源。
对位的标准:使用纤支镜在主气管内看到隆突;封堵管的蓝色套囊在正确的位置;由助手进行充气,观察蓝色气囊封堵住左肺或右肺支气管。观察其中纤支镜对位均由一位15年以上工作经验及对胸科麻醉熟练的医师进行。如果在对位过程中未见隆突,视为未对位成功,需继续找到隆突为止。
1.3观察指标
记录并比较各组从纤支镜置入、封堵管充气到拔出纤支镜的时间以及术中再次对位进行封堵的次数、术中肺萎陷情况、各组的对位成功率。其中肺萎陷定义为完全塌陷为3分,部分塌陷但不影响操作为2分,部分塌陷但影响操作为1分,没有塌陷为0分。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS19.0统计学软件对数据进行统计分析,计量资料用(x±s)表示,组间比较采用成组t检验,计数资料比较采用χ2检验,P0.05),见表2。
2.2左肺和右肺再次对位次数比较
左肺和右肺术中封堵管再对位次数的比较,差异有统计学意义(P 在本研究中,两位麻醉医师协同工作,一名麻醉医师负责主要麻醉工作,另一名麻醉医师则负责辅助工作并记录纤支镜对位时间。这样可有效地加快麻醉准备进程。对位时间与麻醉医师的自身熟练程度呈正相关性,在本研究中,主要的麻醉医师工作10年以上,对于胸外科手术麻醉十分熟练,才能做到在极短的时间内完成对位并封堵完成。同时在实际使用中,并未出现LED灯源不够亮[21]而影响纤支镜对位使用,术前患者均行纤支镜检查,左右支气管主干有足够区域放置封堵管,并由高年资麻醉医师决定是否放置封堵管,四组均对位成功。
综上所述,本研究的LED装置简洁,成本低廉,极大增加了纤支镜作为内窥镜便携式的优势,值得在临床推广。
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(收稿日期:2017-08-24)