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2018MRI相比CT在诊断乳腺癌方面的优势分析

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发表于 2018-8-15 13:06:55 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  [摘要] 目的 探?CT和MRI在诊断不同病理类型乳腺癌的临床效果。 方法 回顾性分析2016年6月~2017年6月我院乳腺外科收治的经术中或穿刺病理确诊为乳腺癌的患者86例,另取同期经病理证实为乳腺良性肿块患者33例作为研究对象。分析乳腺癌患者的MRI和CT表现,对比MRI和CT对乳腺癌的检出率、灵敏度、特异度和阳性似然比。将乳腺癌患者按病理类型分为乳腺导管内原位癌(DCIS)、浸润性小叶癌(LDC)、浸润性导管癌(IDC)三组,分析对比MRI和CT对不同病理类型乳腺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。 结果 CT检测出乳腺癌患者75例共81个病灶,直径为(0.9~8.1)cm,淋巴结转移17例,局部浸润22例,CT平扫显示肿块呈不规则低密度,皮肤增厚,局部可有钙化点,增强后肿块明显强化。MRI检出乳腺癌80例共85个病灶,直径为(1.2~8.1)cm,淋巴结转移18例,局部浸润24例,肿瘤在MRI T1WI序列中多呈边界不清的低信号,T2WI序列为不均匀高信号,动态增强扫描早期明显强化,与周围组织边界清楚。MRI与CT对乳腺癌的检出率分别为93.0%(80/86)和87.2%(75/86),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MRI与CT诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度分别为94.1%和88.2%,特异度分别为87.9%和79.4%,阳性似然比分别为7.78和4.28,以上两组数据的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。 结论 MRI诊断乳腺癌灵敏度和特异度均高于CT,尤其对导管内原位癌检出率高,在乳腺癌的早期诊断方面临床价值优于CT。
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  [关键词] 磁共振;计算机X线断层扫描;乳腺癌;病理类型;鉴别诊断
  [中图分类号] R737.9 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)27-0102-03
  Analysis on the advantages of MRI in the diagnosis of breast cancer compared with CT
  LI Denghua
  CT/MRI Room, Nanchang Third Hospital, Nanchang 330009, China
  [Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical effect of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of breast cancer with different pathological types. Methods 86 patients who were admitted to the Department of Breast Surgery in our hospital and diagnosed as breast cancer during the surgery or via puncture pathology from June 2016 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Another 33 patients with benign breast masses confirmed by pathology during the same period were selected as the research subjects. The MRI and CT findings were analyzed in the patients with breast cancer. The detection rate, sensitivity, specificity and positive likelihood ratio of MRI and CT to breast cancer were compared. The patients were divided into three groups of ductal carcinoma in situ group(DCIS), invasive lobular carcinoma(LDC) and invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) according to the types of breast cancer. The values of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MRI and CT for different pathological types of breast cancer were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 81 lesions of 75 patients with breast cancer were detected by CT, and the diameter was(0.9~8.1) cm. Lymph node metastasis was in 17 cases, and local infiltration was in 22 cases. CT scan showed irregular and low density masses, with thickened skin. There were calcification points locally, and the masses were significantly enhanced after being strengthened. MRI detected 80 cases of breast cancer, with a total of 85 lesions, and the diameter was(1.2-8.1) cm. Lymph node metastasis were in 18 cases, and local infiltration was in 24 cases. Tumor mostly showed low signal with unclear boundary in the MRI T1WI sequence. T2WI sequence showed uneven high signal. Dynamic enhancement scan showed significant enhancement at early stage, with clear boundaries around the surrounding tissue. The detection rate of breast cancer was 93.0%(80/86) and 87.2%(75/86) respectively by MRI and CT. The difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05); the sensitivity of MRI and CT in the diagnosis of breast cancer was 94.1% and 88.2% respectively. The specificity was 87.9% and 79.4% respectively, and the positive likelihood ratios were 7.78 and 4.28 respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups(P0.05). Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in the diagnosis of breast cancer were higher than those in CT, especially in the detection rate of catheter in situ cancer. Its clinical value of early diagnosis of breast cancer is superior to CT.     [Key words] Magnetic resonance; Computed tomography(CT); Breast cancer; Pathological types; Differential diagnosis
  乳腺癌是妇科最常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率高但诊断及时预后较好[1]。据统计,在乳腺癌早期行手术切除的患者5年生存率达90.8%,在中晚期行切除术的乳腺癌患者5年生存率降至36.6%。可见,对于乳腺癌患者早发现、早诊断、早治疗是改善预后的关键。传统的X线钼靶由于技术水平限制检出率较低,近年来随着影像技术的发展,MRI和CT在乳腺癌的诊断方面有了质的飞跃,逐渐替代了传统检查方法[2]。本次研究旨在探讨MRI和CT在乳腺癌诊断和分型方面的优势,现报道如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料
  选取2016年6月~2017年6月我院乳腺外科收治的经术中或穿刺病理确诊为乳腺癌的患者86例,另取同期经病理证实为乳腺良性肿块患者33例作为研究对象,年龄25~68岁,平均(46.6±15.7)岁,86例乳腺癌患者中24例经穿刺病理证实,42例为术中病理证实,病理结果显示癌肿数量93个,直径最大8.1 cm,最小0.3 cm,其中19例合并淋巴结转移,局部浸润26例,23例累及胸大肌,3例累及胸壁。病理类型为DCIS 18例,LDC 35例,IDC 33例。所有患者均已完善MRI和CT检查。
  1.2 仪器与方法
  1.2.1 CT检查 采用美国GE公司提供的64排螺旋CT,患者取仰卧位,对其乳腺横轴进行薄层扫描,曝光条件120 kV,160 mAs,螺距1.375,间隔2 mm,层厚2 mm。扫描范围:腋窝上缘至乳房下缘。对局部可疑小病变采用单侧放大扫描方式,必要时注射造影剂行CT增强扫描,并采用多维重建技术对扫描结果进行处理[3]。
  1.2.2 MRI检查 采用德国西门子Magnetom Trio Tim 1.5T超导MR成像仪及配套乳腺线圈,患者取俯卧位,乳腺自然垂于线圈内,定位病变后,先行轴位T1WI扫描,TR 400 ms,TE 9 ms,再行轴位脂肪抑制T2WI扫描,TR 4000 ms,TE 90 ms,FOV(30×30)cm,层厚2 mm,层间距1 mm,矩阵280×220。对可疑小病灶行动态增强扫描,并对图像进行后期处理。
  1.3观察指标
  1.3.1影像学指标 所有图像上传至工作站,由两名经验丰富的影像学医师在不了解病理诊断结果的情况下对所有图像的病灶位置、数量、大小、良恶性、浸润范围、分型、淋巴结转移情况等进行报告,并与病理结果进行对比[4]。
  1.3.2 计算公式 真阳性:病理与影像学均阳性;真阴性:病理与影像学均阴性;假阳性:病理阴性,影像学阳性;假阴性:病理阳性,影像学阴性。检出率=真阳性/86×100%;灵敏度=真阳性/(真阳性+假阴性)×100%;特异度=真阴性/(真阴性+假阳性)×100%;阳性似然比=灵敏度/(1-特异度)[5]。
  1.4 统计学方法
  采用SPSS21.0软件对本次研究所有数据进行整合处理,采用χ2检验,P0.05);MRI与CT诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度分别为94.1%和88.2%,特异度分别为87.9%和79.4%,阳性似然比分别为7.78和4.28,以上两组数据比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)
  3讨论
  乳腺癌是妇科常见恶性肿瘤之一,在欧美国家,乳腺癌死亡率位居各种恶性肿瘤第二位仅次于肺癌[6]。2010年我国恶性肿瘤流行病学调查显示,乳腺癌发病率为37.5/10万,死亡率13.2/10万,每年死于乳腺癌的患者占所有恶性肿瘤的14.1%,且发病有年轻化趋势[7]。另一项流行病学调查显示,在乳腺癌早期行手术切除的患者5年生存率达90.8%,在中晚期行切除术的乳腺癌患者5年生存率降至36.6%。提高乳腺癌患者生存时间及改善预后依然要致力于临床早发现、早诊断、早治疗[8]。
  目前临床上常用的乳腺癌无创辅助检查方法包括乳腺钼靶、超声、CT和MRI。传统的乳腺钼靶和超声对乳腺癌的敏感度特异度均较低,尤其在鉴别肿块的良恶性方面极易漏诊,另有10%的病理类型无法显影,大大限制了其在临床上的应用,目前仅用于乳腺癌的筛查[9]。随着CT和MRI技术的不断发展,临床上对疑诊乳腺癌的患者的进一步检查和术前评估等有了更好的选择。     CT具有高密度分辨力,可发现致密乳腺中的病灶[10]。CT不但可以准确的显示病灶形态、部位和大小,更可通过信号强度来区分囊实性病灶,还可清晰的显示癌肿浸润情况和淋巴结的转移,增强CT通过肿块局部血供情况鉴别良、恶性病变,一般情况下,CT值升高≥40HU则高度怀疑恶性病变[11]。本研究中86例经病理证实的乳腺癌患者,75例经CT检出,检出率为87.2%,诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度和特异度分别为88.2%和79.4%。对导管内原位癌,浸润性小叶癌和浸润性导管癌的检出率分别为66.7%、91.4%和93.4%。CT诊断乳腺癌的阳性似然比为4.28。
  磁共振作为诊断乳腺癌领域的新兴技术近年来有着日新月异的提升,与CT相比,MRI具有更高的组织分辨力,可以提高小病灶的检出率,更准确的显示肿瘤的形态、血供、与周围组织的关系,不但提高乳腺良、恶性病灶鉴别的准确性,而且对乳腺癌术前评估、手术方案的选择有着不可替代的作用[12]。Jakesz等[13]研究?@示,MRI对诊断乳腺癌的敏感度达94.6%,尤其对于浸润型乳腺癌,MRI的敏感性接近100%。Morris等[14]认为,MRI能完全显示多中心、多灶性乳腺癌,对胸肌筋膜、胸壁、胸骨后以及纵隔淋巴结的显示优于CT,为乳腺癌的术前分期提供可靠的依据。周英豪[15]认为,MRI对诊断乳腺癌的特异度较低,可能造成一定比例的误诊。本研究中,MRI对乳腺癌的检出率为93.0%,与CT检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与国内外多数研究数据相似。MRI诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异度和阳性似然比分别为94.1%、87.9%和7.78,均大于CT,差异有统计学意义(P参考文献]
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  (收稿日期:2017-08-07)
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