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2018腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术的临床研究进展

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发表于 2018-8-15 10:46:25 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  [摘要] 近年来,随着接受腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术患者人数的不断增加,腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术已经成为国内外学者共同关注的焦点,随着人们不断的研究,国内外现已出现很多成功案例的报道,该次研究通过分析腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术的适用范围、术式比较、术后并发症及预后分析等方面,探讨腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术的效果,旨在为临床的诊断和治疗提供科学依据。
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  [关键词] 腹腔镜;保留脾脏;胰体尾切除术
  [中图分类号] R5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)08(a)-0194-05
  [Abstract] In recent years, with the increasing number of patients having the laparoscopic resection of the pancreatic tail preserving spleen, this kind of operation approach has become the focus of scholars at home and abroad. As more and more people continue to study, there are many successful cases being reported at home and abroad. This study tries to explore the curative effect of this approach by analyzing the application scope, surgery comparison, postoperative complications and prognosis, etc. of the laparoscopic resection of the spleen preservation, so as to provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
  [Key words] Laparoscope; Preserving spleen; Resection of pancreatic body and tail
  自腹腔?R技术发现至今,随着科学技术的不断进步以及专业技术人员经验的不断积累,目前医护人员所掌握的腹腔镜技术已经逐渐成熟,能够完成越来越多的腹部外科手术。由于胰腺属于腹膜后器官,其位置与大血管极其相近,导致其周围的解剖关系异常复杂,同时胰腺切除术后患者往往会发生胰痿,影响患者的生活质量,所以临床上对胰腺肿物的精准治疗提出了更高的要求,故腹腔镜胰腺手术已在国内外逐渐普及。国外学者Robey[1]于1982年首次实施了保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术,引起全世界范围内医学者的关注,1996年Kimura等人[2]在报道中指出,腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术已经成功实施,自此之后,有关腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术的报道在全世界逐渐增加。腹腔镜手术与传统手术相比有着明显的微创优势,其造成的腹部损伤非常小。有国外胰腺外科中心在研究报道中指出,腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术有着住院时间短、术中出血量较少等优势,且术后发生胰痿的概率也未见明显变化,其手术效果明显优于传统开腹手术,对其进行Meta分析,结果显示,腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术有着明显的微创优势,对于胰体尾部良性或低度恶性肿瘤来说,是优先选择[3-5]。
  1 腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术的适用范围
  1.1 肿物性质
  肿物性质主要包括3种:胰腺体尾部交界性或低度恶性肿瘤、胰腺体尾部良性占位性病变以及其它,胰腺体尾部交界性或低度恶性肿瘤主要包括粘液性囊腺瘤、导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤、实性假乳头状肿瘤等,胰腺体尾部良性占位性病变主要包括胰腺囊肿、胰腺内分泌肿瘤和浆液性囊腺瘤等,其他则主要包括胰体尾部异位脾脏、炎性假瘤、局灶性胰腺炎、胰腺损伤等[6]。
  1.2 肿物大小、位置及与周围组织关系
  ①胰体尾部单发良性肿瘤,其位置与主胰管、脾动静脉或脾门关系紧密,有着很大的分离风险;②病变集中于胰体尾的慢性胰腺炎;③术前CT或MRI检查肿瘤直径统计学意义,其远期和近期疗效相当。Claudio[12]等通过比较261例因胰腺导管腺癌(PADC)行胰体尾切除术的患者(其中30.7%为腹腔镜手术,69.3%为开腹手术),发现两者的R0切除率相近(P=0.53),淋巴清扫的检出率并差异有统计学意义(P=0.33)。术后胰瘘,再手术,死亡率和患者的辅助治疗的患者比率均相似,腹腔镜手术对于总生存率并差异无统计学意义(P=0.32)。然而,由于医疗技术的限制,目前对于胰腺恶性肿瘤的早期确诊仍然是非常困难的,手术切除率仍然很低,要正确评估腹腔镜手术对于胰体尾恶性肿物的治疗价值,仍需更多随机、前瞻性的多中心实验。     [11] Matsumoto S,Mori H,Kiyonaga M,et al."Peripancreatic strands appearance" in pancreatic body and tail carcinoma: Evaluation by multi-detector CT with pathological correlation[J].Abdominal imaging,2012,37(4):602-608.
  [12] Ricci C, Casadei R, Taffurelli G, et al. Laparoscopic Versus Open Distal Pancreatectomy for Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2015,19(4):770-781.
  [13] Mofid H,Emmermann A,Alm M,et al.Transvaginal specimen removal after laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection[J].Langenbeck's archives of surgery,2013,398(7):1001-1005.
  [14] Choi SH, Kang CM, Kim JY, et al. Laparoscopic extended (subtotal) distal pancreatectomy with resection of both splenic artery and vein[J].Surg Endosc,2013,27(4):1412-1413.
  [15] Adam JP, Jacquin A, Laurent C, et al. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy: splenic vessel preservation compared with the Warshaw technique[J].Archives of Surgery,2013,148(3):1-7.
  [16] Lee JW, Song KB, Park KM, et al. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy:Comparative study of spleen preservation with splenic vessel resection and splenic vessel preservation[J].World J Surg,2014,38(11):2973-2979.
  [17] 赵建国,王震侠,赵海平,等.腹腔镜保留脾脏的远端胰腺切除术的外科技巧和临床应用[J].肝胆胰外科杂志,2015, 27(5):398-399.
  [18] Zhou ZQ, Kim SC, Song KB, et al. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy: Comparative study of spleen preservation with splenic vessel resection and splenic vessel preservation[J].World J Surg,2014,38(11):2973-2979.
  [19] Lv GY, Wang GY, Jiang C, et al. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with or without splenic vessel conservation: a retrospective study of 20 cases[J]. Hepato-gastroenterology,2013,60(127):1785-1788.
  [20] 徐冬,?Y奎荣,陆子鹏,等.根治性顺行模块化胰脾切除术治疗胰体尾癌的临床疗效[J].中华消化外科杂志,2016,15(6):567-573.
  [21] Diener MK, Seiler CM, Rossion I, et al. Efficacy of stapler versus hand-sewn closure after distal pancreatectomy (DISPACT): a randomised, controlled multicentre trial[J]. Lancet,2011,377(9776):1514-1522.
  [22] 王广义,吕国悦,刘亚辉,等.腹腔镜远端胰腺切除的临床应用[J].中华普通外科杂志,2011,26(2):127-129.
  [23] 王海明,鲁斌,黄海燕,等.保留脾血管的胰体尾切除术在胰体尾良性病变中的应用[J].浙江临床医学,2017,19(1):118-119.
  [24] 徐支农.腹腔镜保留脾脏的远端胰腺切除术的可行性及临床价值[J].河北医学,2016,22(5):799-801.
  [25] Ueda T, Murata S, Yamamoto A, et al. Endovascular treatment of post-laparoscopic pancreatectomy splenic arteriovenous fistula with splenic vein aneurysm[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(25):7907-7910.
  [26] Choi SH, Seo MA, Hwang HK, et al. Is it worthwhile to preserve adult spleen in laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy Perioperative and patient-reported outcome analysis[J]. Surg Endosc,2012,26(11):3149-3156.
  [27] Zhang Y, Chen XM, Sun DL. Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: a single-institution comparative study[J].World J Surg Oncol,2014,12(1):1-5.
  (收稿日期:2017-05-08)
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