[摘要] 目的 分析护理干预对减少产后出血患者应用卡前列素氨丁三醇治疗所致不良反应的效果。方法 方便选取该院2014年5月―2016年5月接诊的100例有剖宫产指征的产后出血患者进行回顾性分析研究,将采用干预性护理措施定为研究组(53例),非干预性护理措施定为对照组(47例),两组患者均在分娩后使用卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液250 μg宫体注射,比较两组患者不良反应发生率。结果 研究组头痛发生率为1.89%,呕吐发生率为9.43%,恶心发生率为11.32%,生命体征异常发生率为3.77%;对照组头痛发生率为12.77%,呕吐发生率为37.71%,恶心发生率为26.52%,生命体征异常发生率为13.21%,研究患者不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P /6/view-10741866.htm
[关键词] 卡前列素氨丁三醇;产后出血;不良反应;护理干预
[中图分类号] R5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)08(a)-0143-03
[Abstracts] Objective This paper tries to analyze the effect of nursing intervention on the reduction of adverse reactions caused by the treatment of cardiotaxin and tromethamine in postpartum hemorrhage patients. Methods 100 cases of postpartum hemorrhage with cesarean section indications from May 2014 to May 2016 were convenient selection and retrospectively analyzed. Interventional nursing measures were used in the study group with 53 cases; Non-interventional care measures were used in the control group with 47 cases. Both groups were injected with 250 μg of the cardiotaxin tromethamine injection after delivery. The incidence of adverse reaction was compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of headache in the study group was 1.89%, the incidence of vomiting was 9.43%, the incidence of nausea was 11.32%, the abnormal rate of vital signs was 3.77%, the incidence of headache in the control group was 12.77%, the incidence of vomiting was 37.71% The incidence of nausea was 26.52%, and the abnormal rate of vital signs was 13.21%. The incidence of adverse reaction was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(P统计学意义(P>0.05)。 1.2 方法
在产妇用药前应对产妇做以下用药前指导:①检查其心、肺、肝、肾等功能是否有异常;②心理疏导;③手术知识讲解。④出血量计算:通过容积法和称重法计算出血量。用药:剖宫产术中在胎儿娩出后立即进行宫体注射缩宫素(国药准字H34022979)20 IU,同时按摩子宫,当出血量增加时,则立即注射卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液(进口注册证H20120388)250 μg。研究组采用的干预性护理措施包括:①术前探访产妇,了解患者基本情况,介绍手术室环境、麻醉及手术方法,术前、术中、术后应注意的事项,使产妇紧张心理尽量消除,提高心理承受力。②产妇在进行手术前应进食易消化、清淡的食物,术后禁饮食不少于6 h。③用药前仔细了解患者胎次、产次和病史,针对产妇出现的各种状况及时准确做出判断。④产后出血发生时通常各种抢救设备大量使用,造成产妇心理压力,产生恐惧、焦虑等不良情绪,这些更加重产生出血量,因此,为产妇提供安静、舒适的环境,主动关心鼓励产妇,使其注意力分散,尽量引导产妇想象和婴儿之间的亲密感觉,支持家属给予情感上宽慰,稳定产妇心情,消除紧张、恐惧情绪。手术过程中针对个体心理特点,进行有效的心理疏导,使患者保持良好心态,同时介绍成功病例,增强患者信心。⑤当产妇出现头痛、呕吐、恶心时,告知患者只是暂时性不良反应,缓解产妇紧张心理。一般手术中若产妇发生恶心,则嘱其进行深呼吸,必要时停止手术并安慰产妇,缓解其紧张情绪,告知恶心为此药常见不良反应,若呕吐,嘱其头偏向一侧,置弯盘,并及时倾倒,以防误吸造成窒息或吸入性肺炎。⑥术中准确记录用药时间、剂量、浓度,及有无不良反应发生,密切观察产妇各项生命体征,准确记录尿量、出血量、输液量及速度,如有心悸、气促、血氧饱合度下降等应立即给予吸氧,此外也应大量为患者补充血容量。
1.3 观察指标
观察每位产妇在采用相应护理措施后是否出现以下副作用为观察指标:呕吐、恶心、头晕、烦躁、机体各项指标异常(指血压和心率分别升高,血氧分压不同程度的下降)。
1.4 统计方法
使用SPSS 18.0统计学软件对数据进行统计分析,计数资料采用[n(%)]表示,数据比较采用χ2检验进行,P参考文献]
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(收稿日期:2017-05-07)