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2018角膜塑形镜正常验配与过矫验配控制青少年近视的临床观察

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发表于 2018-8-14 23:20:58 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  [摘要] 目的 分析角膜塑形?R正常验配与过矫验配防治近视的临床效果,为临床近视保守治疗方案的选择提供参考。方法 选择2014年1月~2015年1月在我院100例200眼的行近视治疗的近视患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(采用常规参数角膜塑形镜正常验配)和观察组(采用常规角膜塑形镜正常验配的基础上过矫-0.5D),每组50例(100眼)。对照组患者进行相关检查后,根据检查结果确定参数,根据常规检查的数据定制镜片,指导患者及家长具体佩戴方法,每晚佩戴8~10 h;观察组患者根据常规检查的数据的基础上过矫-0.5D,定制镜片,其他参数一样。两组患者均于佩戴后1 d、1周、1个月、以后每2个月复查一次,了解患者配戴过程中的情况,并及时指导患者规范佩戴及护理。观察两组患者配戴24个月过程中,视力、屈光度、眼压、角膜等情况。分别在佩戴12个月时两组的屈光度行组间、治疗前后比较;24个月后两组患者均脱镜1个月,再散瞳电脑验光(KR8800)检查屈光度、Zeiss(IOlMAster)测量眼轴长度,并行组间、治疗前后比较。 结果 两组配戴12个月时屈光度的差异有统计学意义(P /6/view-10705562.htm
  [关键词] 角膜塑形镜;正常验配与过矫验配;近视;对比分析
  [中图分类号] R778.1+1 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)06-0070-04
  [Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinical effect of orthokeratology lens normal fitting and overcorrection fitting in prevention and treatment of myopia, so as to provide references for the selection of conservative treatment regimens for clinical myopia. Methods 100 cases and 200 eyes of patients with myopia who were given myopia treatment in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected as the research subjects. The random number table method was used to divide the patients into control group(orthokeratology lens normal fitting with conventional parameters) and observation group(overcorrection of -0.5D on the basis of regular orthokeratology lens normal fitting),with 50 cases(100 eyes)in each group. Patients in the control group were given relevant tests, and the parameters were determined based on the test results. The lens were customized according to the data of regular tests. The patients and their parents were guided for detailed wearing methods, and the patients were asked to wear the lenses for 8-10 h every evening; patients in the observation group were overcorrected for -0.5D on the basis of the data of regular tests, the lenses were customized, with the other parameters remaining the same. The two groups of patients were re-examined once 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and every 2 months afterwards, so that the situations during wearing were understood, and the standardized wearing and nursing could be timely guided for the patients. During the 24-month wearing, the visual acuity, diopter, intraocular pressure, cornea and other conditions were observed. On month 12 of wearing, the diopter was compared between groups and compared before and after treatment in both groups; after 24 months, the patients in both groups were off lenses for a month, and then were given computerized mydriatic optometry(KR8800) to examine the diopter, Zeiss(IOlMAster) to measure the axial lengths. The comparison between groups and comparison before and after treatment were carried out. Results There was statistically significant difference in diopter between the two groups when wearing 12 months(P    [Key words] Orthokeratology lens;Normal fitting and overcorrection fitting;Myopia;Comparative analysis
  近视会严重影响青少年的身心健康成长。近视的发病机理目前在临床上尚无确切定论,但大量回顾性总结文献显示,环境、遗传、发育等因素与近视关系密切[1]。近年,青少年近视发生率越来越高,为寻找一种疗效确切且安全性高的预防近视发展的方法成为眼科医生及患者的重要任务[2]。近年研究显示角膜塑形镜可以延缓眼轴增长速度,控制近视发展[3-5]受到视光医生和家长的普遍关注。选择角膜塑形镜控制儿童近视增长的家长越来越多[6]。随着角膜接触镜设计技术、高透氧性材料的不断提高,角膜塑形镜得到了重大发展,角膜塑形镜是最有希望控制近视发展的公认技术.其能够改变旁角膜中心区域及角膜中心的屈光度来维持中央区域的聚焦,控制近视发展[7-8]。本文将角膜塑形镜正常验配与过矫验配防治近视的临床观察进行对比,以期提高控制近视发展的方法,现报道如下。
  1资料与方法
  1.1一般资料
  选择我院2014年1月~2015年1月收治的100例(200眼)行近视治疗的近视患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(采用常规参数角膜塑形镜正常验配)和观察组(采用常规角膜塑形镜正常验配的基础上过矫-0.5D),每组50例(100眼)。两组患者年龄、性别、入组前屈光度、裸眼视力、眼轴长度及角膜曲率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
  1.2 纳入、排除标准[9]
  纳入标准:(1)年龄8~18岁;(2)0.0518岁;(2)合并有严重心、脑、肝、肾等系统疾病;(3)有过敏体质者;(4)眼部有急慢性炎症,圆锥角膜、角膜上皮、内皮细胞病变、眼睑闭合不全等眼部疾病者;(5)瞳孔大于6 mm;(6)角膜周边散光大于1.5D及以上;(7)未签署知情同意书者。
  1.3 方法
  (1)两组患者验配前均需进行常规检查:视力、眼压、眼前节、角膜地形图、角膜曲率、散瞳电脑验光(KR8800)检查屈光度、Zeiss(IOlMAster)测量眼轴长度、泪液分泌等检查。(2)依据上述检查结果选择度数适宜的镜片?M行试戴,试戴0.5 h后对患者行荧光素染色。并在裂隙灯的辅助下对患者的适配状态进行观察,依据观察结果选择镜片基弧,再依据基弧与屈光的状态确定最终的角膜塑型镜[10]。对照组:采用以上常规参数角膜塑形镜戴镜后片上验光确定屈光度正常验配;观察组:采用常规角膜塑形镜正常验配的基础上过矫-0.5D。(3)指导患者及家长正确佩戴流程,特别强调用眼卫生,按规定时间复诊,如有病情变化随时复诊,每晚佩戴8~10 h;两组患者均于佩戴后1 d、1周、1个月、以后每2个月复查一次,了解患者配戴过程中的情况,并及时指导患者规范佩戴及护理。了解患者佩戴过程中患者的裸眼视力、眼压、屈光度、角膜地形图、角膜情况。佩戴12个月时两组的屈光度行组间、治疗前后比较;24个月后两组患者均脱镜1个月,再散瞳检查患者的屈光度及眼轴长度并行组间、治疗前后比较。
  1.4 统计学方法
  采用SPSS 13.0 统计学软件对文中所得数据进行统计学分析,计量资料以(x±s)表示,比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2检验,P0.05),见表4。
  3 讨论
  随着人类生活方式的改变和社会信息化的发展,以近视为代表的屈光不正等功能性眼病的影响日益严重,已成为世界性的公共卫生问题。2015年最新研究显示,我国青少年近视已高居第一位[11]。近视度数及眼轴长度会不断增长,且一旦发生就不可逆转。角膜塑形镜采用了高透氧硬质角膜接触镜材料,是一种以利用反几何学设计的特殊类型的角膜接触,要求夜间配戴[12]。大量研究表明,角膜塑形镜是一种非手术的保守治疗方法,对提高裸眼视力,降低近视度数,控制近视发展效果显著[13]。一般配戴一周左右就可以摘掉框架眼镜,获得良好的裸眼视力。国内外多项研究表明,长期配戴角膜塑形镜平均减缓眼轴增长40%以上,度数平均减缓增长50%以上。角膜塑形镜是一种物理矫正方法,其效果是可逆的,只有坚持长期配戴才能达到控制效果,停戴后就会恢复到之前的近视度数。
  本组研究资料采用角膜塑形镜正常验配与过矫验配防治青少年近视的方式对100眼次近视眼患者进行治疗。结果显示,佩戴1年未脱镜时两组屈光度差异有统计学意义(P    综上所述,长期佩戴角膜塑形镜可有效控制和延缓青少年近视的发展,是矫治近视安全有效的临床方法,在本组观察中过矫验配角膜塑形镜在控制青少年近视的屈光度及眼轴长度方面更为明显。
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  (收稿日期:2017-11-24)
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