[摘要] 免疫治疗作为最热门的研究领域之一,诸多临床研究中心在肿瘤药物试验中证实其疗效显著。程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)是一种参与免疫抑制通路的分子,在较多实体肿瘤细胞及其周围T淋巴细胞表面表达显著,能与其程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)结合,抑制肿瘤组织周围的免疫微环境,促进肿瘤细胞的恶化。三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC),作为乳腺癌的一种亚型,对目前乳腺癌治疗手段均不敏感,患者预后及生活质量较差。本文通过对TNBC中PD-1/PD-L1的表达及相关抑制药物临床试验的疗效进展进行阐述,为制订TNBC患者的个体化治疗方案提供新思路。
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[关键词] 程序性死亡受体1;程序性死亡配体1;三阴性乳腺癌;进展
[中图分类号] R737.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)11(c)-0051-05
Advances in the study of PD-1/PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer
FAN Yu QIAN Zhen SU Qinjun LI Tiantian LIU Bin
Department of Pathology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
[Abstract] Immunotherapy is one of the most popular research fields, and has proved to be effective by many clinical research centers in tumor drug trials. Program-med death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a molecule involved in immunosuppression pathway, and express in more solid tumor cells and the peripheral T lymphocyte significantly on the surface. It can combine with the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), inhibit the immune micro-environment around the tumor tissue, promote the deterioration of the tumor cells. Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC), as a sub-type of breast cancer, is not sensitive to breast cancer treatment, the prognosis and life quality of patients are poor. This paper elaborates the progress in clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and related inhibitory drugs in TNBC, and provides new ideas for the treatment of individual patients with TNBC.
[Key Words] Programmed death receptor 1;Programmed death ligand 1; Triple-negative breast cancer; Progress
三?性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC),因缺乏乳腺癌的3种主要标志物――雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptors,PR)及过度扩增或表达的人类表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal grow the factor receptor 2,HER2)而得名,约占乳腺癌总体的15%[1]。不同分子亚型的乳腺癌因具有不同的免疫表型,其治疗方案及预后也不同。TNBC对目前的内分泌治疗及抗HER2治疗均效果欠佳,唯一获益的临床治疗方式为化疗。但化疗药物的毒副作用导致患者出现治疗相关不良事件,许多患者耐受能力较差,无法坚持完成整个化疗周期。除此之外,TNBC患者化疗后极易出现复发或转移,与其他亚型乳腺癌相比,TNBC预后最差[2-5]。因此,亟待探索针对TNBC的治疗方案。
新兴的免疫治疗作为抑制肿瘤的方式之一,其机制是活化特异性T细胞,靶向攻击清除肿瘤细胞,激活患者体内抗肿瘤免疫系统应答,在肿瘤诊疗中发挥着重要作用。众所周知,T细胞活化主要是指“双信号”介入,即第一信号由抗原肽――主要组织相容性复合体与T细胞抗原受体复合体提供,CD28与B7等协同刺激分子提供T细胞活化的第二信使。当缺乏协同刺激分子刺激时易引发T细胞应答失衡,使肿瘤逃逸机体免疫监控[6]。其中由程序性死亡受体1(programmed death 1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed death-ligand 1,PD-L1)结合而形成的免疫逃逸途径是经研究证实的有效的免疫治疗靶点。
1 PD-1及其PD-L1的分子结构
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(收稿日期:2017-08-25 本文?辑:王 娟)