[摘要]目的:探讨小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(mouse embryonic fibroblasts,MEFs)滋养层对小鼠诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs)适宜的培养条件及其作用机制。方法:取E12.5~14.5d ICR孕鼠,培养小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(mouse embryonic fibroblasts,MEFs),制备滋养层,收集第2~3代(P2~P3)和第6代(P6)培养2~4d MEFs滋养层细胞培养基(MEF-CM),ELISA检测P2~P3和P6 MEF-CM中Activin A、白血病抑制因子(leukemia inhibitory factor,LIF)的浓度水平。iPSCs与滋养层细胞共同培养,并进行细胞鉴定。结果:ELISA检测结果显示P2~P3 MEF-CM中Activin A 、LIF的浓度显著高于P6 MEF-CM,差异有显著性意义(P http://
[关键词]诱导多能干细胞;小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞;滋养层;Activin A;白血病抑制因子
[中图分类号]R783.5 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2017)10-0056-03
Abstract: Objective To establish mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as the feeder layers for supporting induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and to discuss the effects of MEFs on iPSCs. Methods Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells for primary culture were derived from ICR mouse embryos (pregnant 12.5-14.5 days). MEFs were treated with mitomycin-C by 10ug/ml as feeder layer. MEF-conditioned medium (MEF-CM) was collected from the second or third and the sixth passage of MEFs. The concentration of Activin A and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in MEF-CM was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). iPSCs were cultured on MEFs. Theexpression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Octamer-4(OCT4) of iPSCs was tested. EB formation was achieved. Results After being treated with mitomycin-C,MEFs proliferation could be effectively repressed and be made into the feeder layer for iPSCs clonal expansion. ELISA was shown that the concentration of Activin A and LIF in the third passage of MEF-CM was significantly higher than that in the sixth passage of MEF-CM(P伦理道德争议[2]。而患者来源的iPSCs避免了细胞移植可能出现的免疫排斥反应[3]。iPSCs的出现给人类带来了新的希望,在发育生物学和再生医学领域具有重要意?x。目前iPSCs的培养主要采用小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(mouse embryonic fibroblasts,MEFs)作为滋养层,而MEFs是如何支持ESCs和iPSCs的生长,目前机制不十分清楚。有学者认为滋养层细胞可以分泌多种因子,促进诱导多能干细胞生长和抑制诱导多能干细胞分化,从而维持诱导多能干细胞自我更新和无限增殖能力。本研究采用滋养层法培养iPSCs,探讨MEFs滋养层细胞适宜的培养条件以及对iPSCs的支持作用,为利用iPSCs进行再生医学和发育生物学的研究提供有力支持。 1 材料和方法
1.1 小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(mouse embryonic fibroblasts,MEFs)分离培养:取E12.5~14.5d ICR孕鼠,断颈处死,于超净台内无菌条件下暴露子宫。用显微镊取出整个子宫,用PBS冲洗三次,弃除表面残余血迹。沿子宫系膜侧剪开子宫,取出胚胎,置于有PBS的平皿内,充分洗涤,弃除表面红细胞。剥除胎膜,取出胎鼠,用PBS洗涤三次。用眼科剪剪除胚胎头部、内脏和四肢,将躯干部用PBS洗涤三次,充分弃除红细胞。再将鼠胚躯干剪成1mm3以下的碎块, 吸置于离心管内,加入0.25%胰蛋白酶(含0.02%EDTA)消化10min。然后加入足量培养液终止消化。在4℃条件下,1000r/min,离心5min。弃掉上清,加适量培养液(DMEM+10%FBS),反复吹打20次,接种到培养瓶中,置37℃、5%CO2、饱和湿度培养箱培养。待细胞互相重叠爬满整个培养瓶底时即可传代。
1.2 灭活MEFs制备滋养层:培养的MEFs中加入10μg/ml丝裂霉素C混匀。置培养箱中3h。吸弃废液,用PBS(不含钙镁)冲洗5~6次。加入0.25%胰酶(含0.02%EDTA)消化2min。随后加入MEFs培养液终止消化。1000转,离心5min。以2.0×105/ml密度铺在预先明胶处理过的培养瓶上。
1.3 ELISA检测细胞因子的浓度:收集培养2~4d的P2~P3和P6 MEF滋养层细胞上清液(MEF-CM)。用滤器(Corrigtwohill,爱尔兰)过滤,-80℃冷藏备用。iPSCs高糖DMED培养液作空白对照。各组培养液中ActivinA、LIF浓度采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测,检测试纸由美国R&D公司提供,检测仪器为奥地利Anthos2010型全自动酶标免疫分析系统,具体操作过程严格按试剂盒说明书进行。在酶标仪上检测450nm处测量吸光值,计算标本浓度。
1.4 iPSCs的培养:小鼠iPS-C5系购买于中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究院。从液氮中取出一支冻存的iPSCs,放入37℃水浴中解冻复苏,吸取冻存管内的细胞悬液至PBS中,常规离心。吸弃上清液,加入高糖DMEM培养液 (含15%灭活胎牛血清、1%非必须氨基酸、1%丙醇酸钠、0.1%2-巯基乙醇),制成单细胞悬液,以2×105/ml密度接种在已经铺好MEFs滋养层的培养瓶中培养。
1.5 iPSCs的鉴定:拟胚体(embryonic body,EB)形成:iPSCs常规消化、重悬,采用悬滴法[4]生成EB。
碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase, ALP)染色:4%多聚甲醛固定iPSCs 15min。碱性磷酸酶染色液37℃避光染色15min。无水乙醇? ⑽匏?乙醇?⒅幸来?10min,二甲苯中20min。树胶封固、拍照。
细胞免疫荧光染色:4%多聚甲醛固定iPSCs15min,0.25%Triton X-100孵育15min,4%山羊血清封闭30min。OCT4一抗(1∶100,Santa Cruz公司,美国),Rhodamine 标记二抗(1∶200,Santa Cruz公司,美国)。5μg/ml Hoechst 33342(Sigma公司,美国)衬染细胞核15min。荧光显微镜 (Olympus公司,日本)拍照。
1.6 统计学分析:所有数据采用SPSS12.0统计学软件进行处理,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,P MEFs滋养层是如何支持ESCs和iPSCs的生长,目前机制不十分清楚。有学者认为滋养层细胞可以分泌FGF、VEGF、IGF等生长因子,促进干细胞的克隆生长;另外还可以分泌白血病抑制因子(LIF)等,抑制干细胞的分化[12]。Chin等[13]对MEF培养基的蛋白组分析结果证明了Activin A的存在。还有学者认为MEFs的条件培养基中Activin A、Nodal和FGF介导的信号通路能维持hESCs的自我更新[14]。Furue认为LIF是是一种能抑制ESCs自发性分化的分泌性多肽细胞因子,滋养层中的LIF具有抗凋亡的作用[15]。Smith等认为LIF是维持ESCs全能性的重要因子,从滋养层培养基中撤销LIF,ESCs会很快分化成各种类型的细胞[16]。本研究采用E12.5~14.5d来源的MEFs作为培养iPSCs的滋养层,ELISA检测MEFs培养基中Activin A和LIF的水平,结果显示MEF-CM中Activin A、LIF的浓度显著高于未培养的高糖DMED培养液,而第3代MEF-CM中Activin A、LIF的浓度显著高于第6代。结果表明MEFs滋养层细胞分泌的Activin A和LIF,支持iPSCs的自我更新和未分化特性。有学者在无饲养层的培养条件下加入LIF,并不能维持ESCs的自我复制的状态[17],表明了滋养层为ESCs和iPSCs生长提供了复杂的微环境。
总而言之,E12.5~14.5d来源的第3代MEFs滋养层,能有效的支持iPSCs的生长,MEFs为iPSCs提供了复杂的微环境,其作用机制并不完全明确,除了Activin A和LIF,其他哪些关键因子还发挥重要作用,尚待深入研究。
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[收稿日期]2016-11-21 [修回日期]2017-09-06
编辑/张惠娟