[摘要] 目的 探?显微镜下椎间盘摘除术(MSLD)和Quadrant辅助通道下治疗单节段巨大型腰椎间盘突出症中短期的临床疗效比较。方法 方便选取2013年8月―2016年10月该院收治28例单节段巨大型腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中,15例行经后路显微镜辅助下髓核摘除术,13例行经后路Quadrant辅助通道下髓核摘除术。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量以及术前、术后随访视觉模拟评定(VAS)评分、功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、改良Macnab评估标准评估临床疗效。结果MSLD组与Quadrant组手术时间分别为(60.33±2.20)min和(74.85±1.62)min,术中出血量分别为(30.13±0.91)mL和(35.23±1.02)mL。MSLD组术前VAS评分(6.73±0.27)分,术后3个月(1.47±0.24)分,末次(1.07±0.15)分;术前ODI评分(44.00±0.45)分,术后3个月(13.67±0.51)分,末次( 13.93±0.63)分。Quadrant组术前VAS评分(6.77±0.30)分,术后3个月(1.69±0.26)分,末次(1.31±0.24)分;术前ODI评分(44.38±0.47)分,术后3个月(16.00±0.42)分,末次(16.54±0.66)分。术后随访6个月~2.5年(平均1.6年),两组VAS评分、ODI评分术后3个月与末次随访较术前均有显著改善(P http://
[关键词] 微创手术;巨大型腰椎间盘突出症;椎间盘摘除术
[中图分类号] R687 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)10(c)-0028-04
Comparison of Two Kinds of Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment of Giant Lumbar Disc Herniation
CAI Lin-hong, LUO Yuan-biao, LIN Zong-jin
Department of Orthopedics, the First Hospital of Putian, Putian, Fujian Province, 351100 China
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to investigate the short-term clinical efficacy of microdiscectomy surgery of lumbar disc (MSLD) and Quadrant auxiliaries in the treatment of giant lumbar disc herniation with single segmentation. Methods 28 patients with massive lumbar disc herniation from August 2013 to October 2016 were convenient enrolled in this study. Among them, 15 cases underwent posterior micromanectomy and 13 cases were treated by posterior quadrant auxiliary channel Lower nucleus pulposus removal. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, preoperative and postoperative follow-up visual analogue (VAS) score, dysfunction score (ODI) score, improved Macnab evaluation criteria were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results The operative time was (60.33±2.20)min and (74.85±1.62)min for MSLD and Quadrant group, The blood loss was (30.13±0.91)mL and (35.23±1.02)mL. VAS score of the MSLD group were (6.73±0.27)points before the operation, (1.47±0.24)points of 3 months after operation, (1.07±0.15)points of the last follow-up after the operation respectively; The ODI score before the operation was (44.00±0.45) points, three months after operation was(13.67±0.51)points, the last was (13.93±0.63)points. while in the Quadrant group, the VAS score was (6.77±0.30)points, the postoperative score after 3 months was (1.69±0.26)points and the last was (1.31±0.24)points respectively. The ODI score before the operation was (44.38±0.47)points, three months after operation was (16.00±0.42)points, the last was (16.54±0.66)points. In the follow-up period of 6 months to two and half year (average of 1.6 years), the VAS score, ODI score of 3 months after operation and the last follow-up were significantly improved(P [Key words] Minimally invasive operation; Giant lumbar disc herniation; Discectomy
腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation LDH)是脊柱外科的常见病、多发病。其中,巨大型腰椎间盘突出症是LDH中的较少见类型。现就该院自2013年8月―2016年10月应用MSLD和Quadrant辅助通道下治疗单节段巨大型腰椎间盘突出症,该文将两种手术方法的临床疗效作一对比,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选取该院共收治单节段巨大型腰椎间盘突出症患者28例,其中MSLD组15例,Quadrant组13例,男12例,女16例,年龄为25~56岁,平均为43岁;病程5个月~10年,平均2.5年。入选标准:影像学检查提示为单节段巨大型腰椎间盘突出,临床表现与影像学一致。症状表现:腰痛伴单侧或双侧下肢痛、皮肤感觉障碍及肌力下降。所有患者经过3个月保守治疗效果不佳。两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.2 手术方法
①MSLD组取全麻俯卧屈髋屈膝位,腰部弓形弯曲,C形臂X线机透视,根据定位针确定病变椎间盘间隙,作后正中纵行切口约2.0~2.5 cm,选择神经根受累侧逐层切开皮肤至腰背筋膜,剥离椎旁肌肉,安放合适深度自动拉钩;将显微镜套上无菌薄膜,安放于切口正上方,然后调整好所需高度、放大倍数等;椎板咬骨钳咬除黄韧带及部分上下位椎板进行开窗;如遇到曲张的静脉,则以双极电凝进行止血;显露神经根及硬脊膜,以神经剥离子及神经拉钩小心分离保护,牵开后即可显露椎间盘,髓核钳摘除髓核组织及椎间盘组织,送病理检查。大量生理盐水冲洗后放置橡皮引流片,逐层缝合伤口。
②Quadrant组取全麻俯卧屈髋屈膝位,腰部呈弓形弯曲,C形臂X线机透视确定病变椎间盘间隙,以定位针为中心作长约2.5~3.0 cm 的正中纵行小切口,选择神经根受累侧逐层切开皮肤至腰背筋膜,然后将1级扩张套管放入上下位椎板处,逐级扩张,再置入合适深度的可扩张叶片,固定自由臂于术者床缘,取出扩张管后根据需要撑开扩张叶片,调整好显示屏视野;椎板咬骨钳咬除黄韧带及部分上下位椎板进行开窗;如遇到曲张的静脉,则以双极电凝进行止血;显露神经根及硬脊膜,以神经剥离子及神经拉钩小心分离保护并牵开,将摘除的髓核及椎间盘组织送病理检查。大量生理盐水冲洗,彻底止血,放置橡皮引流片,逐层缝合伤口。
1.3 药物治疗和运动治疗
两组均在术后1 d内拔除伤口引流片,每天静脉滴注甘露醇250 mL+地塞米松10 mg 1次/d,?B续3 d;术后第1天开始练习双下肢直腿抬高锻炼,术后第3天始进行腰背肌功能锻炼。3 d后在腰围保护下下床活动。出院时嘱3个月内禁止行弯腰、抬重物等活动。
1.4 统计方法
采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对所测得数据进行统计学分析,对组内手术前后评分采用配对t检验进行分析,组间相同时间段的比较用成组设计t检验进行分析行t检验。P