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2018糖尿病对心脏手术患者预后的影响

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发表于 2018-8-16 19:52:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  [摘要] 目的 回?性评价糖尿病对体外循环(CPB)下心脏手术患者预后的影响。方法 回顾性收集我院于2012年1月~2015年12月CPB下心脏手术患者1554例。根据术前是否合并糖尿病分为糖尿病组和对照组。记录两组患者一般资料和术中资料。记录术后主要观察指标:术后肺部感染和其他感染率;次要观察指标包括院内死亡率和其他并发症。采用多因素回归统计分析。 结果 共1256例纳入研究分析。糖尿病与术后其他感染、切口愈合延迟及因出血二次手术的发生有关,而且糖尿病组术后机械通气时间和术后住院时间延长。本研究未发现糖尿病与院内死亡、肺部感染、术后新发房颤、脑梗死、连续性肾替代治疗、因切口愈合延迟二次手术和术后6个月内再入院率相关。 结论 糖尿病患者行CPB下心脏手术中只有5.3%达到 HBA1c≤7%。相比无糖尿病者,糖尿病患者术后因再出血二次手术、切口愈合不良和其他感染率增加,并且术后机械通气和住院时间延长。目前我国也尚无指南建议DM患者行心脏手术的最佳HBA1c值,需要更多研究证据。
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  [关键词] 糖尿病;心脏手术;感染;预后
  [中图分类号] R587.1 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)32-0081-04
  [Abstract] Objective To retrospectively evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus on the prognosis of patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Methods A total of 1554 patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015 were retrospectively collected. According to whether to merge with the preoperative diabetes mellitus, the patients were divided into two groups including diabetes group and control group. The general information and intraoperative information of the patients were recorded. The main observed indicators after surgery including the rates of postoperative pulmonary infection and other infections and the secondary observed indicators including hospital mortality and other complications were recorded. Multivariate regression analysis was used. Results A total of 1256 patients were included in the study. Diabetes mellitus was related to postoperative other infections, incision healing delay and the occurrence of secondary surgery due to bleeding. And the postoperative mechanical ventilation time and postoperative hospital stay were prolonged in the diabetic group. The study did not find that diabetes mellitus was correlated with hospital death, pulmonary infection, postoperative new atrial fibrillation, cerebral infarction, continuous renal replacement therapy, secondary surgery due to delayed incision healing and re-admission rate within 6 months. Conclusions Only 5.3% of diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB had HBA1c≤7%. Compared with those of non-diabetic patients, the rates of secondary surgery due to rebleeding after surgery, poor incision healing and other infections increase. And the postoperative mechanical ventilation time and hospital stay are prolonged in the diabetic group, compared to those in non-diabetes. At present, there is no guideline in our country to suggest the optimal HBA1c value of cardiac surgery for DM patients, and more evidence is needed.     [Key words] Diabetes mellitus; Heart surgery; Infection; Prognosis
  糖尿病(diabetes mellitus DM)在世界范围?瘸柿餍星魇啤?2010年调查显示我国成人糖尿病患病率为11.6%,糖尿病已成为我国重大的公共卫生问题[1]。糖尿病使心血管并发症增加了2~4倍[2],糖尿病相关并发症增加了手术机率,而且人数还在增加[3]。研究还证实合并糖尿病者手术预后更差[4]。
  目前研究关注糖尿病对心脏术后长期预后及胰岛素治疗的影响,但大多数研究只关注冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG),极少全面关注糖尿病对其他心脏手术预后的影响[5],更缺少糖尿病对心脏手术患者住院期间临床预后的影响[6]。因此,本研究调查国内糖尿病患者行心脏手术住院期间的临床预后,有助于了解并改善患者的预后。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1一般资料
  获得本院伦理委员会批准后,回顾性收集2012年1月~2015年12月1554例体外循环(CPB)下行开胸心脏手术患者。排除标准:年龄1.6 mg/dL 或女性> 1.4 mg/dL)[10]。
  1.3统计学分析
  采用SAS 8.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料(x±s) 表示,组间均数比较采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。采用泊松多因素回归分析术后结局发生率在5%以内,5%以上采用Logistic多因素回归。采用线性回归分析机械通气时间、ICU时间及术后住院时间,纳入自变量参考院内死亡纳入因素。将单因素分析中组间比较P≤0.2的术前及术中变量纳入多因素回归分析,其他纳入因素根据既往文献报道[7-10]。P    多项研究证实[17,18]糖尿病患者行CABG术后长期死亡率增高。目前关于糖尿病对CABG术后30 d内死亡率存在争议。研究发现,相比无糖尿病患者,糖尿病患者行CABG手术围术期死亡率明显增高[18,19];另一方面,Risum等[17]和Marcheix等[20]?蟮啦还苁跚坝形尢悄虿。?术后早期死亡率并无差异,其他研究认为DM不是住院期间死亡的独立预测因子[6]。本研究也未发现DM与住院期间死亡相关。这可能与死亡发生率低,而术后观察时间过短有关。
  有研究认为糖尿病病程和治疗方式都不是患者生存率的主要决定因素[18]。有研究发现不管是否使用胰岛素治疗,CABG术后住院期间心肌梗死、脑梗死、住院时间和死亡率都无显著差异[19]。为了评估糖尿病对心脏手术的影响,本研究不区分糖尿病病程和治疗方式,将所有糖尿病患者作为整体一组进行分析。有研究发现当HBA1c≤7%时,CABG术后主要并发症和死亡率均下降[21],这要求我们针对DM患者不但需要密切关注术中血糖波动,而且更需平稳控制术前血糖。
  综上所述,糖尿病患者行CPB下心脏手术中只有5.3%达到 HBA1c≤7%,术后因再出血二次手术、切口愈合延迟和其他感染率增加,并且术后机械通气和住院时间延长。目前我国也尚无指南建议DM患者行心脏手术的最佳HBA1c值,需要更多研究证据。
  [参考文献]
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  (收稿日期:2017-03-08)
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