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2018运动后心率恢复

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发表于 2018-8-16 15:24:28 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  摘 要:梳理国内外关于运动后心率恢复用于评价有氧能力的相关文献,发现运动后心率恢复具有作为有氧能力评价及监控工具的研究意义和研究价值:部分运动后心率恢复指标被认为与最大摄氧量具有较高的相关性,可以反映运动者的有氧能力;运动后心率恢复具有再现性,重测信度高,除系统性训练外不会因单次运动负荷而发生较大改变。运动后心率恢复的有氧能力评价研究将有利于优化现有有氧能力评价方法,推进运动训练科研理论在全民健身中推广进程。
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  关 键 词:运动生理学;运动后心率恢复;有氧能力评价;大众健身;述评
  中图分类号:G804.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2017)05-0134-06
  Abstract: By collating domestic and foreign literature on using heart rate recovery after exercise to evaluate aerobic capacity, the authors found that heart rate recovery after exercise has the research significance and value as an aerobic capacity evaluating and monitoring tool: some heart rate recovery after exercise indexes are considered as having a high correlation with maximum oxygen uptake, can reflect the exerciser’s aerobic capacity; heart rate recovery after exercise is provided with high reproducibility and re-measurement reliability, will not change significantly due to a single exercise load, except systematic training. The research on evaluating aerobic capacity via heart rate recovery after exercise will be conducive to optimizing the existing aerobic capacity evaluation method and boosting the progress of popularization of sports training research theories in national fitness.
  Key words: sports physiology;heart rate recovery after exercise;aerobic capacity evaluation;public fitness;review
  运动后心率恢复(Heart rate recovery,HRR)是评价心脏自主神经功能和预测心血管疾病及死亡发生的诊断指标之一。在研究过程中发现,运动后心率恢复受运动干预的影响,与最大摄氧量具有相关性,可以用来评价人体健康体适能水平。在运动训练实践中,教练员根据强度训练后运动员的心率及心率恢复速度评价运动员的疲劳程度,间接评价运动员的有氧能力基础及竞技状态。目前用运动后心率恢复来评价运动能力,尤其是有氧能力的研究不多,但运动后心率恢复具有评价有氧能力的作用不可忽略,由于其指标采集简单方便,利于在全民健身中推广。因此,找到利用心率评价个体有氧能力的有效方法对未来大众健身事业具有重要意义。
  1 运动后心率恢复的概述
  运动后心率恢复指运动结束后不同时间的心率与运动中峰值心率的差值,常用的测量时间包括1、2、3、4、5、7 min(记做HRRt,t对应1、2、3、4、5、7 min)。目前对于心率恢复标准的界定存在争议:Framingham心脏病研究中心[1]以Bruce平板运动为测试方案,当心率达到由年龄预测的最大心率的85%时停止,结束后受试者采用仰卧位,HRR1≤12 b/min为异常;Nishime等[2]、Vivekananthan等[3]同样以Bruce平板?\动为测试方案,当心率达到由年龄预测的最大心率的85%时停止,但是采用站立位HRR1≤12 b/min为异常;Cole等[4]以Bruce平板运动为测试方案,当心率达到由年龄预测的最大心率的80%时停止,仰卧位HRR1≤18 b/min、HRR2≤42 b/min为异常;Mora等[5]以Bruce平板运动为测试方案,当心率达到由年龄预测的最大心率的90%时停止,采用仰卧位HRR2≤22 b/min为异常。李大严等[6]以功率车递增负荷为测试方案,以出现“典型的胸闷胸痛、呼吸困难或心电图ST段压低”为实验终止标志,采用运动后坐位HRR2    2 运动后心率恢复作为评价有氧能力方法的条件
  2.1 运动后心率恢复与心肺耐力、最大摄氧量的相关性
  Vicente-Campos等[24]对789名健康男性通过跑台递增负荷进行最大摄氧量测试,通过以速度为4 km/h、坡度为0%的2 min跑台实验采集运动后心率恢复指标,站在跑步机上进行被动恢复,发现HRR3、%HRR3/HRpeak分别与最大摄氧量峰值具有高度相关性(r=0.36,P医学,但在竞技体育中也有很长的应用历史。在没有训练监控生化指标及测量仪器之前,教练员通过查看运动后心率恢复的情况评估运动员的疲劳程度,累积运动员平时心率水平,纵向评价其竞技能力。在运动训练中,有氧训练可以明显提高运动员的心肺功能,其心脏功能性的积极改变体现在左室腔增大、室壁增厚[33]。在训练中表现出在承受较大运动强度时,有氧能力强的运动员心率低于较弱的运动员,且心率恢复速度快。在训练中,教练员也通过心率和心率恢复速度的横向比较,评价运动员竞技能力,同时通过以往的纵向比较,来简易检测运动员疲劳情况及制定临时训练计??,定性地评价运动员的有氧能力[16]。另外,大量研究表明,具有训练经历的受试者其运动后心率恢复与无训练经历的受试者更快[34-35],并且随竞技状态变化而变化[36-38]。
  2.2 运动后心率恢复的再现性
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  [24] VICENTE-CAMPOS D,MARTIN L A,NUNEZ M J,et al. Heart rate recovery normality data recorded in response to a maximal exercise test in physically active men[J]. European Journal of Applied Physiology,2014,114(6):1123-1128.
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