【摘要】 目的 研究快速康复护理在促进腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后康复的效果。方法 40例进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者, 按照随机数字法分为对照组和实验组, 每组20例。对照组患者采用常规护理, 实验组给予快速康复护理。对比两组患者术后恢复情况、生活质量。结果 实验组肛门排气时间、卧床时
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间、排便时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。实验组术后6 h腹胀评分、术后24 h疼痛评分均低于对照组(P0.05)。护理前两组患者生活质量评分比较差异无统计学意义( P0.05)。护理后两组患者的生活质量评分较护理前明显提高, 且实验组患者生活质量评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。护理后, 实验组患者的生活质量总分为(77.12±3.15)分, 明显高于对照组(67.54±2.12)分(P0.05)。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者给予快速康复护理, 可显著加速患者术后康复, 提高患者生活质量。
【关键词】 快速康复护理;腹腔镜;胆囊切除术;康复
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2018.03.093
【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing in promoting postoperative rehabilitation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods A total of 40 patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided by random number table method into control group and experimental group, with 20 cases in each group. The control group received conventional nursing, and the experimental group received rapid rehabilitation nursing. Comparison were made on postoperative rehabilitation and quality of life between two groups. Results The experimental group had shorter anus exhaust time, bed time, defecation time and hospitalization time than the control group (P0.05). The experimental group had lower postoperative 6 h abdominal distention score and postoperative 24 h pain score than the control group (P0.05). Before nursing, both groups had no statistically significant difference in quality of life score (P0.05). After nursing, both groups had obviously higher quality of life score than before nursing, and the experimental group had obviously higher quality of life score than the control group (P0.05). After nursing, the experimental group had obviously higher quality of life overall score as (77.12±3.15) points than (67.54±2.12) points in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion Rapid
rehabilitation nursing for patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy can significantly quicken postoperative rehabilitation and improve the quality of life of patients.
【Key words】 Rapid rehabilitation nursing; Laparoscopic; Cholecystectomy; Rehabilitation
?R床中进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗对患者机体造成伤害, 术后给予患者有效的护理, 帮助患者快速恢复具有重要作用[1]。为探讨快速康复护理在行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者中的应用效果, 现对本院患者采取快速康复护理的情况进行分析, 具体情况如下。
1 资料与方法
1. 1 一般资料 将2014年4月~2016年4月在本院接受治疗的40例进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者作为研究对象, 患者均签署知情同意书。其中男19例, 女21例, 年龄25~77岁, 平均年龄(38.6±12.8)岁。疾病类型:胆囊结石16例, 胆囊炎13例, 胆囊息肉11例。按照随机数字法将患者分为实验组和对照组, 每组20例。
1. 2 方法 对照组患者给予常规护理, 包括术后检查和指导饮食用药等。研究组实施快速康复护理, 内容如下:①术前护理:向患者讲解疾病相关知识, 让患者对疾病及手术有充分了解, 缓解患者不良情绪, 树立信心, 帮助患者以正确的态度面对自身疾病。术前对患者脐部进行清洁和消毒, 术前4 h禁水, 6 h禁食, 术前1 h灌肠, 必要时给予患者放置胃管。指导患者术前排尿, 避免术后发生尿潴留等并发症。 ②术中护理:术中保持手术室内温度, 密切监测患者生命体征变化, 控制术中输液量。③术后护理:术后观察患者体征变化, 保持患者呼吸通畅, 引导患者取半卧位, 避免压迫腹部, 尽快恢复。指导患者术后饮食和饮水, 根据患者实际情况指导患者进行活动[2]。
1. 3 观察指标及判定标准 对比两组患者肛门排气时间、卧床时间、排便时间、住院时间、术后6 h腹胀评分、术后24 h疼痛评分以及生活质量。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估两组患者的疼痛情况:采用长10 cm的游动标尺, 疼痛程度用数字0~10表示, 分数越高, 表明患者的疼痛越严重。7~10分为重度疼痛、4~6分为中度疼痛、1~3分为轻度疼痛、0分为无痛。患者将自身疼痛程度在直尺相应位置上标出, 护士依据患者标注位置对疼痛程度进行统计[3]。生活质量评价标准:依据生活质量(QOL)评分标准对患者社会功能、物质生活、躯体功能、心理功能进行评价。结果采用100分制数字进行描述, 分值越高说明患者生活质量越好[4]。