[摘要] 目的 探讨母亲妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对子代胰岛素抵抗的影响,为改善子代生长发育提供依据。 方法 依据产妇是否合并妊娠期糖尿病把60例新生儿分为GDM组及对照组,每组各30例;检测新生儿脐血血糖(BG)、脐血糖化红蛋白(HbAlc)、脐血胰岛素(Ins)、出生体重,计算出每例新生儿胰岛素抵抗指数,分析妊娠期糖尿病与子代胰岛素抵抗的关系。 结果 GDM组母亲孕前体重及产前体重分别为(57.83±9.32)kg、(74.28±10.09)kg,新生儿出生体重(3.81±0.25)kg,而?φ兆榉直鹞?(53.61±8.45)kg、(68.77±8.76)kg、(3.13±0.55)kg,差异有统计学意义(P http://
[关键词] 妊娠期糖尿病;糖尿病母亲;新生儿;胰岛素抵抗
[中图分类号] R714.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)03-0012-03
Correlation between gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal insulin resistance
SHEN Wenxia
Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing 312000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the influence of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on insulin resistance in children and to provide basis for improving the growth and development of children. Methods According to whether pregnant women had gestational diabetes mellitus or not,60 newborns were divided into GMD group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. The levels of neonatal umbilical blood glucose(BG), umbilical cord blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), umbilical blood insulin(Ins), birth weight were detected. And the insulin resistance index of each newborn was calculated. The correlation between the gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal insulin resistance was analyzed. Results The body weight of mothers before pregnancy and delivery and newborn birth weight in the GDM group was(57.83±9.32)kg, (74.28±10.09)kg and (3.81±0.25)kg, respectively, while those in the control group was(53.61±8.45)kg, (68.77±8.76)kg and(3.13±0.55)kg, respectively. The differences in the above data between the two groups were statistically significant(P 1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2014年4~6月间在我院产科定期产检并住院分娩的糖尿病母亲及其新生儿30例,作为GDM组,其中男16例,女14例;胎龄37.5~39.4周,平均(38.92±1.62)周;出生体重3.2~4.5 kg,平均出生体重(3.71±0.25)kg。同时选取无糖代谢异常的健康母亲及其新生儿30例作为对照组,其中男15例,女15例,孕周37.2~39.6周,平均孕周(39.15±1.09)周;出生体重3.0~3.9 kg,平均出生体重(3.13±0.55)kg。排除有肝炎、妊娠期高血压、胆汁淤积症、窒息、宫内感染、早产、双胎等。两组新生儿的孕周和性别差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),GDM组出生体重较对照组偏高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性。见表1。所有孕妇均签署知情同意书。
1.2 妊娠期糖尿病诊断标准
在妊娠24~29周,所有非糖尿病孕妇行OGTT试验,标准采用IADPSG标准,即正常值上限:空腹系统5.1 mmol/L、1 h血糖10.0 mmol/L、2 h血糖8.5 mmol/L,其中一项达到或超过标准者即可诊断为GDM[5-6]。
1.3 方法
采集脐血作为标本,检测其中葡萄糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白,计算胰岛素抵抗指数。具体步骤:新生儿娩出后在距脐轮约5~10 cm处用止血钳夹住脐带的两端,与两钳之间剪断脐带,在产妇侧脐带的一端选择粗大而显露的脐静脉,用75%乙醇消毒,取一次性采血针,用5 mL针筒,向胎盘方向进针,穿刺成功后利用子宫阵发性收缩及采血管内负压让胎盘血顺利流入针筒采血管中,轻摇采血管,以防血液凝固。取一滴脐血用血糖试纸测脐血血糖,后立即2000 r/min离心10 min,使用冻存管于-70℃冰箱保存。用电化学发光法检测脐血胰岛素,用高效液相离子层析法检测脐血糖化血红蛋白。胰岛素抵抗计算公式:胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)=空腹血糖(FBG)×空腹胰岛素(FINS)/22.5。
1.4 统计学方法
数据采用SPSS15.0软件系统进行统计处理。正态分布计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采取t检验;计数资料采用χ2检验,P 综上所述,本研究显示体重高是GDM危险因子之一;GDM组产妇即使孕后期血糖控制理想,但仍可引起新生儿出生体重增加,影响子代糖代谢,因此要重视GDM的预防和控制,母亲妊娠期糖尿病增加子代胰岛素抵抗,其引起胰岛素抵抗的机制有待于我们进一步深入研究。
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(收稿日期:2017-11-03)