[摘要] 目的 回顾胸腔镜肺叶切除术后程序化间歇单次输注连续胸椎旁阻滞的镇痛效果。 方法 回顾性分析2015年1月~2016年12月期间单侧胸腔镜肺叶切除术后程序化间歇单次输注连续胸椎旁阻滞组(PVB组)24例及同期吗啡自控静脉镇痛组(PCIA组)31例的临床病例资料及镇痛效果。 结果 (1)术后48 h PVB组咳嗽时疼痛NRS 评分明显低于PCIA组(P /6/view-10763095.htm
[关键词] 程序化间歇单次输注镇痛模式;连续胸椎旁镇痛;自控静脉镇痛;胸腔镜肺叶切除术
[中图分类号] R563 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)27-0117-04
The analgesic effect of programmed intermittent single infusion of continuous thoracic paravertebral analgesia after thoracoscopic lobectomy
JIN Zhousheng XIA Fangfang CHEN Hongfei WANG Quanguang
Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
[Abstract] Objective To review the analgesic effect of intermittent single infusion of thoracic paravertebral analgesia after thoracoscopic lobectomy. Methods The clinical data and analgesic effect of 24 patients in intermittent single infusion of continuous thoracic paravertebral analgesia after thoracoscopic lobectomy(PVB group) and 31 patients in simultaneous morphine self-controlled intravenous analgesia group(PCIA group) from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1)The NRS score of the pain in the PVB group was significantly lower than that in the PCIA group at 48 hours after surgery(P 两组常规采用静吸复合全身麻醉。麻醉诱导:静注舒芬太尼0.4 μg/kg、丙泊酚1.5~2.5 mg/kg、?_库溴铵1 mg/kg。术中吸入0.8~1 MAC七氟醚维持麻醉,氧流量1 L/min,间断静脉推注罗库溴铵20 mg,瑞芬太尼术中镇痛,术中根据患者血流动力学变化调整瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度。PVB组术后镇痛方法:PVB组术前采用超声引导,在局麻下于T4~5椎旁间隙成功置管。首次胸椎旁阻滞用药在全麻诱导后、手术开始前15 min,每组给予各自0.375%罗哌卡因15 mL,以利于局部麻醉药在椎旁间隙充分扩散,辅助术中镇痛。手术中间隔60 min椎旁阻滞给予0.375%罗哌卡因10 mL。患者术后接受0.2% 罗哌卡因胸椎旁阻滞自控镇痛,间歇单次8 mL/h,单次负荷量5 mL,两次间隔锁定时间为30 min。如胸椎旁阻滞给药负荷量5 min后患者疼痛程度仍超过中重度(VAS评分≥4分)或患者要求镇痛时,可给予曲马多50~100 mg或吗啡1~2 mg静脉注射,直至患者不再需要镇痛药物为止。
PCIA组术后镇痛方法:PCIA组患者手术结束前30 min均予以吗啡0.1 mg/kg静脉注射;术毕根据患者疼痛程度进行吗啡镇痛滴定。若患者平静呼吸VAS≥4分,则静脉给予吗啡滴定,直至平静呼吸VAS≤3;每隔5 min经静脉注射吗啡3 mg,滴定期间每隔5 min对患者行VAS评分,待平静呼吸VAS评分≤3分时,结束吗啡滴定。滴定结束后两组患者均予以静脉镇痛泵(吗啡100 mg/100 mL,维持量为0,自控锁定时间10 min,自控量3 mL)。
两组患者术后常规给予帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,每日2次。
1.3 观察指标
疼痛程度?用视觉模拟评分法(VAS):用0~10分制:0分无痛;10分难以忍受的疼痛;两组患者观察记录患者在出术后复苏室时(T0)VAS评分,以及术后4 h(T1),8 h(T2),12 h(T3),24 h(T4),48 h(T5)的安静、咳嗽时VAS评分;出院时询问患者对此次术后镇痛的满意度,满意度评分用1~5分制,1表示很不满意,2表示不满意,3表示一般,4表示满意,5表示很满意;统计两组患者吗啡及其他镇痛药物应用情况,患者不良反应和(或)并发症及处理等。
1.4 统计学方法
所有数据统计均采用SPSS17.0统计软件,正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组采用成组t检验。偏态分布的计量资料以中位数(四分位数间距)[M(IQR)]表示,组间比较采用秩和检验。计数资料以%表示,采用χ2检验。P0.05)。
2.2 两组患者不同时间点静息时的疼痛评分比较
PVB组在不同时间点静息时的疼痛评分显著低于PICA组(P Rabanal LJM等[26]的研究中?g后连续椎旁神经阻滞镇痛都并未出现与之相关的并发症,认为连续椎旁神经阻滞安全可靠,是胸科手术术后镇痛理想的止痛方式。本研究中术后两组患者亦均未出现低血压,呼吸抑制等不良反应,提示程序化间歇单次输注联合患者自控镇痛模式其安全性良好,当然也可能由于本实验的病例少的原因,临床上我们会继续增加病例数,观察它的安全性。
终上所述,采用程序化间歇单次输注连续胸椎旁阻滞对单侧胸腔镜肺叶切除术后的镇痛效果确切,患者满意度高,有一定的临床价值。
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(收稿日期:2017-06-25)