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2018老年上消化道出血患者临床诊疗特点

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发表于 2018-8-15 11:05:37 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  DOI:10.16662/j.cnki.1674-0742.2017.23.074
/6/view-10742030.htm
  [摘要] 目的 观察分析老年上消化道出血患者的临床诊疗特点。方法 方便选取该院收治的46例上消化道出血患者(2013年3月―2017年5月)作为该次实验研究对象,将60岁以上患者划分为老年组(23例),60岁以下分为非老年组(23例),回顾性分析两组患者临床资料以及治疗情况,总结老年上消化道出血患者的诊疗特点。结果 老年组无明显诱因发病率(47.8%)最高,和非老年组患者(52.2%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。老年组不合理饮食、饮酒、劳累、其他并发疾病、非甾体类抗炎药发病率和非老年组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),老年组胃癌、急性胃黏膜病变、胃溃疡、球部溃疡病因发生率和非老年组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),老年组患者最高血尿素氮(9.0±3.6)mmol/L明显高于非老年组(6.1±3.5)mmol/L,老年组患者死亡率(13.0%)?@著高于非老年组(4.3%)。结论 老年上消化道出血的发病诱因以及出血病因较为复杂,实验室指标具有特异性,病死率较高,临床应引起高度重视。
  [关键词] 老年;上消化道出血;临床诊疗特点
  [中图分类号] R573 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)08(b)-0074-03
  Characteristics of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Elderly Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
  XIA Yan
  Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou No.4 People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300 China
  [Abstracts] Objective This paper tries to observe and analyze the clinical diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Methods 46 cases admitted in this hospital with upper gastrointestinal bleeding from March 2013 to May 2017 were convenient selected as the research objects, patients who were above 60 years old were divided into the elderly group, who were below 60 years old were divided into non elderly group, with 23 cases in each group, and the clinical data and treatment situation, diagnosis and treatment characteristics of patients with upper digestive tract hemorrhage of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed. Results The incidence rate of no obvious incentive in the elderly group was the highest(47.8%), and that of the non elderly group was 52.2%, there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The incidence of the irrational diet, drinking, fatigue and other concurrent disease, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the elderly group was statistically significant different with the non elderly group(P0.05); there were no significant difference in the platelet count, hematocrit, the lowest hemoglobin level(P>0.05); the elderly group of patients with the highest blood urea nitrogen of (9.0±3.6) mmol/L was significantly higher than that in the non elderly group of(6.1±3.5) mmol/L, the death rate of elderly patients of 13.0% was significantly higher than that in the non elderly group of 4.3%. Conclusion The elderly upper gastrointestinal bleeding is caused by complex inducement, with specificity of laboratory index, high mortality, which should attract highly clinical attention.     [Key words] Elderly; Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage; Characteristics of clinical diagnosis and treatment
  上消化道出血是一种常见的消化系统疾病,老年患者因为机体免疫力较差,而且常常伴有高血压、动脉硬化病变、多脏器病变等慢性疾病,因此往往发病较急,病情发展较快[1]。同时,老年上消化道出血患者频繁使用非甾体抗炎药,因此临床治疗方法和中青年患者也存在很大差异,临床应引起高度重视[2]。为总结老年上消化道出血患者的临床诊疗特点,提高患者治疗效果,该文回顾性分析了该院收治的46例上消化道出血患者(2013年3月―2017年5月)的临床资料,现报道如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料
  方便选取该院收治的46例上消化道出血患者,将60岁以上患者划分为老年组(23例),60岁以下分为非老年组(23例),老年组中男13例,女10例;患者年龄60~85岁,平均(74.1±8.9)岁。非老年组男12例,女11例;患者年龄28~60岁,平均(41.2±8.8)岁。两组患者性别、年龄等一般资料经过统计学软件分析,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
  1.2 方法
  归纳、分析该次实验研究患者的临床资料,分析饮酒、吸烟、性别等各方面因素对于上消化道出血发病造成的影响,分析上消化道出血的发病病因,检测两组患者血小板计数、最低血细胞比容、最低血红蛋白、最高血尿素氮等相关实验室检测指标水平。
  该次所有患者入院就诊后,快速补充血容量,密切监护患者各项生命体征变化情况,必要的情况下采用吸氧、禁食等措施。根据患者检查结果、临床症状及体征明确出血部位及病因,给予奥西康(H20059053)40 mg静脉滴注,1次/d,兰索拉唑(H20080336)20 mg口服,1次/d,济克停(H20044716)600 mg静脉滴注,1次/d,生长抑素(H20066708)250 μg静脉滴注,止血后持?m用药2~3 d。
  1.3 统计方法
  实验数据采用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行处理,计量资料与计数资料分别用(x±s)、[n(%)]表示,并分别行t检验,χ2检验,P0.05),老年组患者最高血尿素氮(9.0±3.6)mmol/L明显高于非老年组(6.1±3.5)mmol/L,见表3。
  2.4 两组治疗时间以及死亡率对比
  老年组患者治疗时间(7.4±2.3)d明显长于非老年组患者(5.5±1.8)d(t=5.232,P参考文献]
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  [2] 曾庆新,彭如洁,张富春.老年人上消化道出血的病因及临床特点分析[J].福建医药杂志,2013,35(5):38-40.
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  (收稿日期:2017-07-20)
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