【摘要】 目的 探讨中药外敷联合微波透入对再次剖宫产切口愈合的影响。方法 332例再次剖宫产产妇, 随机分为观察组和对照组, 各166例。于手术后第2天观察组在切口处使用中药大黄、芒硝外敷并微波透入, 对照组仅使用中药大黄和芒硝外敷, 于手术后5 d停用, 观察两组切口愈合情况、并发症(脂肪液化、切口感染、切口裂开)发生情况及平均脂肪液化天数和平均住院天数。结果 观察组的甲级愈合率为94%, 对照组甲级愈合率为73%, 观察组切口甲级愈合率明显高于对照组, 差异具有统计学意义 (P0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为4%, 低于对照组的20%, 差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组平均脂肪液化天数、平均住院天数均短于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 针对再次剖宫产产妇, 采用中药大黄、芒硝外敷联合微波透入治疗方法可更为有效地促进再次剖宫产切口的愈合, 并在一定程度上降低并发症的发生率, 值得推广。
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【关键词】 再次剖宫产;子宫切口;中药外敷联合微波;愈合
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2018.07.049
【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the effect of external application of traditional Chinese medicine combined with microwave penetration on the healing of incision in repeated cesarean section. Methods A total of 332 puerpera with repeated cesarean section were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 166 cases in each group. At 2 d after operation, the observation group was treated with rhubarb and mirabilite for external application and microwave penetration at the incision, and the control group was treated with external application of rhubarb and mirabilite and stopped at 5 d after operation. Observation were made on incision healing condition, complications (fat liquefaction, incision infection and incision split) and average fat liquefaction time and average hospitalization time between the two groups. Results The observation group had grade A healing rate as 94%, which was 73% in the control group. The observation group had obviously higher grade A healing rate than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The observation group had lower incidence of complications as 4% than 20% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The observation group had shorter average fat liquefaction time and average hospitalization time than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.01). Conclusion For
puerpera with repeated cesarean section, application of rhubarb and mirabilite for external application and microwave penetration can effectively promote the healing of repeated cesarean section and reduce the incidence of complications to a certain extent. It is worthy of promotion.
【Key words】 Repeated cesarean section; Uterine incision; External application of traditional Chinese medicine combined with microwave; Healing
?S着我国计划生育政策的调整, 与以往情况相比, 高剖宫产率带来瘢痕子宫再次妊娠的情况日益增多。妊娠后再次进行剖宫产术, 其术后常会出现切口愈合不良的症状, 尤其是切口裂开、感染和液化, 不但严重地损害产妇身心健康, 而且也增加了家庭的经济负担。为了探讨较为合适的再次剖宫产产妇切口愈合的治疗方法, 本文采取了再次剖宫产产妇术后即给予大黄、芒硝外敷联合微波透入治疗, 达到了一定效果。报告如下。 1 资料与方法
1. 1 一般资料 选择2016年2月~2017年2月在本科再次进行剖宫产手术的产妇332例, 随机分为观察组和对照组, 各166例。纳入标准:年龄23~44岁, 孕次2~5次, 产次2~3次, 孕龄36~42周, 剖宫产指征为瘢痕子宫186例, 产科指征
60例。排除标准:①合并心、脑血管、肝、肾等疾病, 贫血患者、低蛋白血症者;②合并产科并发症者。本次研究通过医院伦理委员会批准, 并且获得产妇知情同意。
1. 2 方法 观察组术后采用大黄、芒硝外敷联合微波透入治疗, 取芒硝100 g、大黄30 g研成细末, 混匀, 装入棉白布缝成的无菌袋内(袋长23 cm, 宽8 cm), 于术后第2天将药袋均匀平摊置于无菌纱布覆盖的切口上, 联合采用天津市贵盟医药科技有限公司生产的TJSM-92M微波治疗仪将理疗方形辐射器置于中药袋上, 调节频率为14~16 W, 2次/d, 以患者感觉温热为宜, 20 min/次, 于术后第5天停用, 拆线观察。对照组中仅采用中药外敷, 大黄、芒硝药袋于术后第2天外敷切口处, 术后5 d停用, 拆线观察。
1. 3 观察指标 观察两组切口愈合情况、并发症(脂肪液化、切口裂开、切口感染)发生情况及平均脂肪液化天数和平均住院天数。产妇刀口的观察均有专人负责每24小时评估并记录1次, 有效地提高了观察的准确性。
1. 4 评定标准[1] 将再次剖宫产切口愈合划分为3级, 甲级:愈合好, 指无不良反应的愈合, 用“甲”表示;乙级:愈合不良, 指出现了脂肪液化等不良症状, 用“乙”表示;丙级:切口化脓, 且化脓需要敞开切口或切开引流、切口裂开等, 用“丙”表示。
1. 5 统计学方法 采用SPSS22.0统计学软件进行数据统计分析。计量资料以均数±标准差( x-±s)表示, 采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2检验。P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
2 结果
2. 1 两组切口愈合情况比较 观察组的甲级愈合率为94%, 对照组甲级愈合率为73%, 观察组切口甲级愈合率明显高于对照组, 差异具有统计学意义(χ2=26.695, P0.05)。见表1。