2139742 发表于 2018-8-17 18:33:42

2018经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗70例腰椎间盘突出症的疗效评价

  [摘要] 目的 探究?皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。 方法 研究对象选取2015年6月~2017年6月间我院收治的140例腰椎间盘突出症患者,采用数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组各70例,观察组采用经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗,对照组采用微创经椎间孔腰椎融合术治疗,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间等手术指标,并比较治疗前后两组患者的功能障碍指数(ODI)、日本骨科学会评分(JOA),统计手术相关并发症。 结果 观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后观察组ODI、JOA评分改善程度均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P http://
  [关键词] 骨科;腰椎间盘突出症;经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术;经椎间孔腰椎融合术
  [中图分类号] R687.3 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)33-0063-03
   Objective To explore the clinical effect of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods 140 patients with lumbar disc herniation from June 2015 to June 2017 admitted in our hospital were randomly divided into observation group(n=70)and control group(n=70), according to the number table method. The observation group was treated with percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy. The control group was treated with minimally invasive intervertebral foramen lumbar fusion. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time were compared between the two groups. And the dysfunction indexes(ODI)and the Japan Orthopedic Association score(JOA) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The surgery-related complications were counted. Results The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the difference was significant(P0.05). After treatment, the improvement degree of ODI and JOA was significantly better than that of the control group, and the difference was significant(P  腰椎间盘突出症是骨科临床常见的一类疾病,患者表现为患侧的腰、腿疼痛及功能障碍,严重的影响患者的生存质量。目前此类疾病主要包括保守治疗和手术治疗两类方案,对于重度腰椎间盘突出症者一般建议采用手术治疗。传统的经椎间孔腰椎融合术虽然能够有效减轻患者的术后疼痛,但术后不可避免的造成椎间盘的退变。随着椎间孔镜在临床的推广,腰椎间盘突出症的治疗也有了更多的选择,经皮椎间孔镜下手术能够进一步的降低手术创伤,提高疗效。为了进一步了解经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效,本文进行了相关研究,现报道如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料
  研究对象选取为2015年6月~2017年6月间我院收治的140例腰椎间盘突出症患者,采用数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组各70例,观察组包括男39例,女31例,年龄39~58岁,平均(48.4±4.6)岁;对照组包括男38例,女32例,年龄38~59岁,平均(48.7±5.1)岁。两组患者基线资料比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。
  1.2 纳入及排除标准
  纳入标准:(1)符合腰椎间盘突出症诊断标准,经影像学检查证实;(2)保守治疗3个月症状无缓解;(3)符合手术指征;(4)患者知情同意参与本次研究。排除标准:(1)椎间盘炎性改变;(2)椎间盘钙化;(3)多次手术的复发性腰椎间盘突出症;(4)腰椎不稳者;(5)合并其他严重内科疾病无法进行手术者。
  1.3 手术方法
  观察组采用经皮椎间孔镜下椎?g盘摘除术治疗,患者取俯卧位,标记棘突正中线、髂骨轮廓线、椎间盘平行线。C臂透视下将后外放斜形标志线和经关节突上缘的安全线标记出来。常规消毒铺巾后,在脊柱后正中线旁开12~14 cm的切口作为进针点,对穿刺部位皮肤进行1%利多卡因麻醉,并将22 G的穿刺针接上,然后进行逐层穿刺,直到穿刺针到达上关节突肩部。透视证实位置满意。拔除针芯,置入导丝,取出穿刺针,做0.5 cm左右切口,沿导丝置入导管、环锯及扩张导杆,将椎间孔扩大,置入工作套管,调整方向指向椎间盘突出位置,将内镜置入工作套管,持续冲洗并摘取髓核,松解组织粘连,用射频刀对未取出的髓核和后纵韧带进行进一步的消融并止血,完成处理后拔除工作套管,常规缝合。对照组采用微创经椎间孔腰椎融合术治疗,患者取俯卧位,全麻手术,C 臂下定位后在目标节段后正中做3~5 cm切口,分离组织向两侧牵开,在棘突旁3 cm处做2个3 cm左右纵向切口,钝性分离最长肌至小关节突处,在上位腰椎外上缘与峡部交接处置入1级扩张套筒,逐渐打开术野,凿除椎板外侧、上下位腰椎相接关节突,去除黄韧带,充分暴露病灶部位及周围神经根,保护神经根,打开硬脊膜后切除椎间盘,用铰刀和中板锉处理后置入椎间融合器,在双侧人字嵴点处置入椎弓根螺钉,加压锁定后放置引流,常规缝合切口。两组术后预防感染等措施均保持一致。
  1.4 评价方法
  比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间等手术指标,并比较治疗前后两组患者的功能障碍指数(ODI)、日本骨科学会评分(JOA)。ODI包括10个问题,每个问题根据患者选择得分0~5分,最终得分转为百分制计分,分值越高说明功能障碍越严重;JOA量表包括主观症状、临床体征及活动受限程度3个维度,总分29分,分值越高说明运动能力越好。
  1.5 统计学方法
  数据录入SPSS 20.0软件包处理,计量资料用t检验,计数资料用χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05,P0.05),治疗后观察组ODI、JOA评分改善程度均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P  需要指出的是,椎间孔镜下手术的成功率取决于工作套管的置入位置,对于高度移位的游离髓核,椎间孔镜下手术的疗效有限,即使能够捕捉到游离髓核,也容易出现髓核残留的情况,需要二次手术处理,不但增加了手术创伤,还可能导致神经根损伤。此外,由于本次研究时间所限,并未对患者进行长期随访,因此仅能进行近期疗效评价,远期疗效评价尚需进一步研究证实。
  综上所述,经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效确切,与微创手术相比对患者的创伤更小,术后症状改善更好,值得在临床上推广和应用。
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  (收稿日期:2017-09-07)
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