7001637 发表于 2018-8-17 18:21:25

2018新生儿重症监护病房血管内导管相关感染调查分析

  [摘要] 目的 调查分析新生儿病房156例新生儿血管内导管相关感染的发生率、病原菌的分布特点。方法 收集2014年1月~2016年12月我院新生儿科住院治疗并接受经外周置入中心静脉导管和(或)脐静脉导管患儿的临床资料,分析血管内导管相关感染的发生率、病原菌种类和特点。结果 156例患儿中,侵入性操作191例次,血管内导管相关感染47例次(24.6%),感染发生率为20/1000置管日,导管定植感染率为9.8/1000置管日,局部感染率为4.7/1000置管日,CRBSI为5.5/1000置管日。随着出生体重及胎龄的增加,CRBSI发生率呈下降趋势(P http://
  [关键词] 新生儿;血管内导管相关感染;导管定植;局部感染;导管相关性血液感染
  [中图分类号] R722.1 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)33-0085-04
   Objective To investigate and analyze the incidence rate of neonatal intravascular catheter-related infections and the distribution characteristics of pathogens in 156 neonates in neonatal ward. Methods From January 2014 to December 2016, the clinical data of infants who were hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology and were given peripherally inserted central catheter and/or umbilical vein catheters were collected. The incidence of intravascular catheter-related infections and pathogen species and characteristics were analyzed. Results Of the 156 infants, there were 191 cases undergoing invasive procedures, 47 cases with intravascular catheter-related infection (24.6%). The incidence rate of infections was 20/1000 catheterization day, the infection rate of catheter colonization was 9.8/1000 catheterization day, local infection rate was 4.7/1000 catheterization day, and CRBSI was 5.5/1000 catheterization day. With the increase of birth weight and gestational age, CRBSI rate was decreased (P  而在CRBSI中,则以革兰阴性杆菌为主,占76.9%,其次为金黄色葡萄球菌及真菌。新生儿合并CRBSI者,临床上多伴有全身感染征象及炎性反应综合征,病情危重,如未能及时发现并积极治疗,易并发感染性休克、DIC而死亡。因此,了解病房中CRBSI病原菌分布情况,针对性地选用抗生素,进行有效的抗感染治疗,才能够及时挽救患儿生命。临床工作中碰到严重CRBSI感染者,还需考虑球菌或真菌性败血症,在早期抗生素选择上需要覆盖革兰阳性菌、阴性菌及真菌,待培养结果回报、感染有所控制后,据情调整治疗药物。另外,文献报道细菌在导管表面形成生物被膜,常对抗菌药物耐药,使血管内导管相关血流感染难以治愈,目前尚无有效手段抑制生物被膜的生成。因此,一旦发现感染,尽早拔除导管是治疗的重要手段之一。
  综上所述,新生儿是院内感染的高发人群,通过分析了解NICU中常用的血管内导管操作相关感染状况及病原菌的分布,有利于针对不同对象采取适宜的干预措施,进一步降低医院内感染的发生,改善患儿预后。
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  (收稿日期:2017-09-12)
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