2018颅内动脉瘤动物模型相关研究进展
[摘要] 颅内动脉瘤(IA)是由颅内动脉病理性、局限性扩张引起的瘤样突起,其一但破裂可引起蛛网膜下腔出血,造成严重后果。目前IA的发病机制仍未阐明,临床仅能对存在高破裂风险患者进行手术治疗,这也使得许多IA患者将无法采取任何治疗,并需要承担IA随时破裂的风险。因此阐明IA的病因机制,进而研制出针对该疾病病因机制的预防与治疗药物,是解决上述问题的关键。由于人体组织较难获取,IA动物模型便成为主要的研究途径。本文将从IA动物模型的构建方法、病理改变和药物治疗探索等方面的进展进行综述,以期为进一步深入研究提供参考。http://
[关键词] 颅内动脉瘤;动物模型;病因机制;药物治疗
[中图分类号] R74 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)11(c)-0044-03
Research progress of animal models of intracranial aneurysms
LI Li1* WU Xuejia2* FU Hao1 WANG Zhihong1 CHEN Dong3 SUN Li1
1.Department of Neurological Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of PAP, Tianjin 300162, China; 2.Department of Pharmacy, the New Eco City Hospital of Medical University of Tianjin, Tianjin 300467, China; 3.Health Team of Training Base, Liaoning PAP Crops, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110034, China; 4.The Sixth Department of neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of PAP, Tianjin 300162, China
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a tumor like process caused by pathological and localized dilatation of intracranial arteries, once ruptured, it can result in subarachnoid hemorrhage and cause serious consequences. At present, the pathogenesis of IA has yet to be clarified, which result in that onlypatients with high risk of rupture can be treated. Many IA patients have to bear the risk of IA rupture at any time. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism of IA and developing preventive and therapeutic drugsis the key to solve the above problems. Because of the difficulty of obtaining human tissue, IA animal model has become the main research approach. This article will review the progress of IA animal model construction methods, pathological changes and drug treatment, in order to provide reference for further research.
Intracranial aneurysm; Animal model; Etiology mechanism; Drug therapy
颅内动脉瘤(Intracranial aneurysm,IA)在已知人群中发病率为1%~5%,其一旦破裂可引发蛛网膜下腔出血,患者死亡率将高达40%,然而其发病机制至今仍未阐明。目前,针对IA的治疗主要以血管内介入栓塞或外科手术夹闭IA瘤体为主,以上干预措施可有效防止IA的破裂出血。但是由于不可避免的手术风险和潜在的术后并发症,临床上仅建议对存在高破裂风险的IA患者采取手术治疗,更多的IA患者只能采取定期复查的处理方式,并承担一定的心里压力。因此揭示IA发病机制并开发药物治疗策略是解决上述问题的重要途径。由于人体组织极难获取,IA动物模型成为了重要研究工具。
1. IA动物模型构建方法
1.1 非用于IA机制研究的动物模型
此类模型主要通过在动脉侧壁或动脉分叉处移植自体静脉,人工构建成IA瘤体。该造模方法常见于猪、犬等大型动物,并主要被用于练习血管内操作技术、评判治疗效果和血流动力学相关研究。Raymond等通过在猪的双侧颈总动脉上构建侧壁静脉囊动脉瘤,观察了线圈栓塞治疗后的愈合现象,为改善血管?戎瘟频某て谠ず筇峁┝税镏?。李浩等成功构建了犬侧壁型、分叉部、末端型囊状动脉瘤,并对栓塞前后IA处血流动力学变化情况进行分析,为动脉瘤的相关研究提供了更多的基础数据支持。
1.2 用于IA机制研究的动物模型
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