2018PD―1/PD―L1在三阴性乳腺癌中的研究进展
[摘要] 免疫治疗作为最热门的研究领域之一,诸多临床研究中心在肿瘤药物试验中证实其疗效显著。程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)是一种参与免疫抑制通路的分子,在较多实体肿瘤细胞及其周围T淋巴细胞表面表达显著,能与其程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)结合,抑制肿瘤组织周围的免疫微环境,促进肿瘤细胞的恶化。三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC),作为乳腺癌的一种亚型,对目前乳腺癌治疗手段均不敏感,患者预后及生活质量较差。本文通过对TNBC中PD-1/PD-L1的表达及相关抑制药物临床试验的疗效进展进行阐述,为制订TNBC患者的个体化治疗方案提供新思路。http://
[关键词] 程序性死亡受体1;程序性死亡配体1;三阴性乳腺癌;进展
[中图分类号] R737.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)11(c)-0051-05
Advances in the study of PD-1/PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer
FAN Yu QIAN Zhen SU Qinjun LI Tiantian LIU Bin
Department of Pathology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
Immunotherapy is one of the most popular research fields, and has proved to be effective by many clinical research centers in tumor drug trials. Program-med death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a molecule involved in immunosuppression pathway, and express in more solid tumor cells and the peripheral T lymphocyte significantly on the surface. It can combine with the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), inhibit the immune micro-environment around the tumor tissue, promote the deterioration of the tumor cells. Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC), as a sub-type of breast cancer, is not sensitive to breast cancer treatment, the prognosis and life quality of patients are poor. This paper elaborates the progress in clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and related inhibitory drugs in TNBC, and provides new ideas for the treatment of individual patients with TNBC.
Programmed death receptor 1;Programmed death ligand 1; Triple-negative breast cancer; Progress
三?性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC),因缺乏乳腺癌的3种主要标志物――雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptors,PR)及过度扩增或表达的人类表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal grow the factor receptor 2,HER2)而得名,约占乳腺癌总体的15%。不同分子亚型的乳腺癌因具有不同的免疫表型,其治疗方案及预后也不同。TNBC对目前的内分泌治疗及抗HER2治疗均效果欠佳,唯一获益的临床治疗方式为化疗。但化疗药物的毒副作用导致患者出现治疗相关不良事件,许多患者耐受能力较差,无法坚持完成整个化疗周期。除此之外,TNBC患者化疗后极易出现复发或转移,与其他亚型乳腺癌相比,TNBC预后最差。因此,亟待探索针对TNBC的治疗方案。
新兴的免疫治疗作为抑制肿瘤的方式之一,其机制是活化特异性T细胞,靶向攻击清除肿瘤细胞,激活患者体内抗肿瘤免疫系统应答,在肿瘤诊疗中发挥着重要作用。众所周知,T细胞活化主要是指“双信号”介入,即第一信号由抗原肽――主要组织相容性复合体与T细胞抗原受体复合体提供,CD28与B7等协同刺激分子提供T细胞活化的第二信使。当缺乏协同刺激分子刺激时易引发T细胞应答失衡,使肿瘤逃逸机体免疫监控。其中由程序性死亡受体1(programmed death 1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed death-ligand 1,PD-L1)结合而形成的免疫逃逸途径是经研究证实的有效的免疫治疗靶点。
1 PD-1及其PD-L1的分子结构
PD-1属免疫球蛋白超家族Ⅰ型跨膜糖蛋白,因参与细胞凋亡,故名PD-1。PD-1相对分子质量为55 000,包括胞外结构域、疏水跨膜区和胞质区,其编码基因位于人类染色体2q37.35。PD-1最显著的特点是含有两个酪氨酸残基,位于胞质区的尾部,分别干预组成免疫受体酪氨酸转换基序和免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序。PD-1作为共刺激分子家族中的一员,还参与T、B细胞活化。鉴于上述理论基础,以PD-1作为靶点的免疫调节在对抗肿瘤的临床诊疗中意义重大。在活化的T细胞、B细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞以及多种被肿瘤细胞浸润的淋巴细胞表面都存在PD-1的表达。 Voduc KD,Cheang MC,Tyldesley S,et al. Breast cancer subtypes and the risk of local and regional relapse . J Clin Oncol,2010,28(10):1684-1691.
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(收稿日期:2017-08-25 本文?辑:王 娟)
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