4304947 发表于 2018-8-16 22:40:34

2018大光斑低能量Q开关Nd:YAG激光联合强脉冲光治疗黄褐斑临床观察

  [摘要]目的:探讨大光斑低能量Q开关Nd:YAG激光联合强脉冲光治疗黄褐斑的临床疗效。方法:收集笔者科室2015年6月-2017年1月收治的109例黄褐斑患者,随机分为四组:A组:27例,采用大光斑低能量Q开关1 064nm Nd:YAG激光治疗,1次/月,共6次;B组:25例,采用大光斑低能量Q开关1 064nmNd:YAG激光联合强脉冲光治疗,激光治疗1次/月,共6次,中间穿插3~4次IPL治疗(治疗间隔2周);C组:31例,采用大光斑低能量Q开关、长脉宽1 064nmNd:YAG激光治疗,1次/月,共6次;D组:26例,采用大光斑低能量Q开关、长脉宽1 064nmNd:YAG激光联合强脉冲光治疗,长脉宽激光治疗1次/月,共6次,中间穿插3~4次IPL治疗(治疗间隔2周)。结果:D组临床效果明显优于A组(P0.05),但在临床上疗效仍好于B组、C组。结论:采用大光斑低能量Q开关、长脉宽1 064nmNd:YAG激光联合强脉冲光治疗,能显著提高黄褐斑的临床疗效。
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  [关键词]黄褐斑;大光斑低能量Q开关;长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光;强脉冲光
  [中图分?号]R758.4 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2017)10-0071-03
  Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of low light energy Q switch and long pulse width 1 064nm Nd:YAG laser combined with intense pulsed light in the treatment of chloasma. Methods Collection of treated 109 cases of patients with chloasma of our department in June 2015 - January 2017,109 cases were randomly divided into four groups .A group: 27 patients with large light spot low energy Q switch 1 064nm Nd:YAG laser treatment, once a month, a total of 6 Time. group B: 25 patients with large light spot low-energy Q switch 1 064nm Nd:YAG laser combined with intense pulse light treatment, large light spot low-energy Q switch 1 064nmNd: YAG laser treatment once a month, a total of 6 times, the middle interspersed 3-4 times IPL treatment; C group: 31 patients with high light intensity Q-switch, long pulse width 1 064nm Nd:YAG laser treatment, once a month, a total of 6 times; D group: 26 patients with large light spot low-energy Q switch, 1 064nm Nd: YAG laser combined with intense pulsed light therapy, large light spot Q-switch, long pulse width 1 064nm Nd: YAG laser once a month, a total of 6 times, the middle interspersed 3-4 times IPL treatment. Results The effect of long pulse width 1 064nmNd: YAG laser combined with intense pulsed light treatment of chloasma was significantly better than that of large light spot Q-switch 1 064nmNd: YAG laser treatment (P0.05), but the clinical curative effect was still better than that of group B and group C, although there was no significant difference between group B and group C (P>0.05). Conclusion Large light spot Q-switch, long pulse width 1 064nm Nd: YAG laser combined with intense pulsed light can significantly improve the efficacy of treatment of chloasma.
  Key words: chloasma;large light spot low energy Q switch; long pulse width 1 064nm Nd:YAG laser; intense pulsed light     黄褐斑是一种常见的色素沉着性疾病,以中青年女性患者居多。该病皮损多为黄褐色、淡褐色斑块,且边界清晰,多见于两颊、鼻部等部位。遗传易感性、紫外线照射、性激素水平变化是黄褐斑三大重要发病因素,色斑处血管增生、皮肤炎症及屏障功能紊乱可能也参与了黄褐斑的发生,其发病机制尚未完全阐明,治疗困难,易复发,随着近年来大光斑、低能量Q开关1 064nmNd:YAG激光在临床中的广泛应用,黄褐斑的治疗已取得了较好的疗效。
  1 临床资料
  收集2015年2月-2016年5月笔者医院收治的109例黄褐斑患者为研究对象,年龄25~60岁。黄褐斑分布类型:面中部71例,面上部15例,面下部12例,全面部11例;Fitzpatrick皮肤类型分类:Ⅲ型78例,Ⅳ型31例;Wood灯分型:表皮型46例,混合型63例。
  纳入标准:所有患者均确诊为黄褐斑;均为女性;非妊娠期女性;无光敏感;无其它因素引起的局部色素沉着(如:太田痣、Riehl黑变病、雀斑等)。
  2 仪器和方法
  2.1 仪器及参数:Q开关1 064nmNd:YAG激光为德国HLS公司(Hypertech Laser System)的大Q激光器,治疗时依据皮损处反应、肤色、年龄、色斑情况等调整激光参数,大光斑、低能量模式:光斑直径为7mm、频率10Hz、能量密度??1.0~1.3J/cm2;长脉宽RF模式:脉宽0.3ms、光斑4mm、能量密度为9~10J/cm2。强脉冲光(IPL)为美国科医人M22:波长560nm、590nm、640nm,能量12~17J/cm2,治疗时依据皮损处反应、肤色、年龄、色斑情况等调整参数。
  2.2 治疗方法:将109例患者随机分为四组。A组:27例,大光斑低能量Q开关1 064nm Nd:YAG激光治疗,1次/月,共6次;B组:25例,大光斑低能量Q开关1 064nm Nd:YAG激光联合强脉冲光(IPL)治疗,1次/月,共6次,中间穿插3~4次IPL治疗(治疗间隔2周);C组:31例,大光斑低能量Q开关、长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光模式治疗,1次/月,共6次;D组:26例,大光斑低能量Q开关、长脉宽1 064nmNd:YAG激光模式联合强脉冲光(IPL)治疗,1次/月,共6次,中间穿插3~4次IPL治疗(治疗间隔2周)。患者结束治疗后,给予20~30min的创福康胶原贴敷料(广州创尔生物技术有限公司)冰敷直至面部无灼热感,治疗后至少连续使用5d创福康胶原贴敷料。所有患者在治疗期间仅使用基础保湿化妆品并注意防晒。
  2.3 疗效评价
  2.3.1 MASI评分:使用黄褐斑皮损面积和严重度指数(MASI)评分,由两位皮肤科医师评价每例患者治疗前及疗程结束后黄褐斑皮损消退情况。MASI=(D+H)×A,其中A=黄褐斑累及区域,0分(正常),1分(黄褐斑面积占所在区域皮肤面积统计学处理:数据用SPSSl7.0软件进行统计分析。四组间MASI评分下降百分比比较采用t检验,两组间疗效、患者满意率比较采用卡方检验,其中P  有研究显示Q开关1 064nm Nd:YAG激光照射到靶作用物质时能被靶物质吸收,如:机体的黑色素、血红蛋白等色素均可吸收激光光能,使能量能在瞬间作用到病变组织上,形成较高单位能量的巨脉冲,从而促使表皮、真皮层的黑素颗粒裂解。而裂解后的细小颗粒,能被机体免疫细胞所吞噬,从而减轻消退色斑的作用。但黄褐斑的黑素细胞处于功能活跃状态,高能量的Q开关激光引起炎症后色素沉着的概率很高。而在低能量、长脉宽模式下,黑素的吸收没有短脉宽模式那么容易,使激光抑制黑素细胞的功能而不刺激它们,产生更好的疗效,副作用较少。
  Choi等的临床研究显示大光斑低能量Q开关、长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光的联合治疗模式效果较佳,且长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光可以减少复发。强脉冲光治疗黄褐斑的机理可能与抑制血管内皮细胞活性、减少血管内皮生长因子过度表达有关。有研究证实激光与强脉冲光治疗黄褐斑的机制可能与“黑素穿梭功能(melanin shuttle function)”及黄褐斑皮下异常真皮结构出现重塑有关。
  本文研究结果显示:采用大光斑低能量Q开关、长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光联合强脉冲光治疗黄褐斑的临床效果明显优于其他各组,患者的MASI评分较治疗前明显降低,有效率达80.8%,患者满意度为73.1%。虽然与大光斑低能量Q开关1 064nm Nd:YAG激光联合强脉冲光治疗组相比及大光斑低能量Q开关、长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光治疗组MASI评分比较无统计学差异,但临床疗效和患者满意度仍高于他们。故建议临床采用大光斑低能量Q开关、长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光联合强脉冲光治疗黄褐斑。
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  [收稿日期]2017-06-12 [修回日期]2017-07-20
  ?辑/李阳利
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