5352212 发表于 2018-8-16 22:35:36

2018磁性前列地尔脂微球靶向治疗大鼠腹部皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤的基础研

  [摘要]目的:探讨磁性前列地尔脂微球靶向治疗大鼠腹部皮瓣缺血-再灌注损伤的作用机制及疗效。方法:制备大鼠腹部皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤的动物模型,实验组注射磁性前列地尔脂微球,并在皮瓣外覆盖铷铁硼稀土磁铁;对照组注射生理盐水;空白组不进行血管阻断及药物注射。测定三组皮瓣血流量、皮瓣组织丙二醛和一氧化氮含量;皮瓣原位缝合后7d评估皮瓣成活率,并检测皮瓣组织中血管内皮生长因子的表达情况。结果:与对照组及空白组比较,在皮瓣缺血-再灌注过程中实验组皮瓣微循环血量明显增多、皮瓣组织内一氧化氮水平升高、丙二醛水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P http://
  [关键词]前列地尔脂微球;磁性;靶向治疗;缺血再灌注损伤
  [中图分类号]R331.3 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2017)10-0060-04
  Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of magnetic alprostadil lipid microsphere in targeting treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury of abdominal flaps in rats. Methods To prepare animal models of ischemia-reperfusion in rat ventral flap. The experimental group was injected magnetic alprostadil lipid microsphere and covered the flap up with rubidium iron boron magnet.The control group was injected with saline. The blank group was only prepared the abdominal flap, without vascular occlusion or drug injection. At the same time point of the experiment, blood flow, MDA and NO concentrations of each group was detected separately, the skin flap survival rate was evaluated 7 days after skin flap suture, and detected VEGF expression simultaneously. Results During the flap ischemia reperfusion process,the microcirculation volume in experimental group was significantly increased, and the flap NO levels increased, while MDA level decreased, the difference was statistically significant(P医学院动物实验室,SPF级,180~300g,随机分成实验组、对照组和空白组三组,每组10只。
  1.2 试剂:前列地尔(台湾,永光);自制前列地尔脂微球,牛血清白蛋白(上海,天呈);磁流体-铷铁硼磁铁(北京,莱博);蓖麻油(广州,丹旺);乙醚(深圳,多源);无水乙醇(上海,浩然);多聚甲醛(美国,Sigma);MDA含量测定试剂盒(北京,索莱宝);NO含量测定试剂盒(上海,碧云天);VEGF抗体(美国,Santa Cruz);即用型SABC免疫组化试剂盒(武汉,博士德)。     1.3 仪器:激光多普勒血流仪(日本,Omega);4℃冰箱(青岛,澳柯玛);-80℃冰箱(青岛,海尔);普通光学显微镜(德国,Leica);荧光倒置显微镜(德国,Leica);恒温水浴锅(深圳,深信);高速离心机(美国,Beckman)。
  1.4 方法
  1.4.1 前列地尔脂微球制备:采用乳化热固化技术。取牛血清白蛋白250mg溶于10g/L前列地尔蒸馏水溶液中,添加磁流体0.2ml,与100ml含10%的蓖麻油混合,搅拌10min,超声乳化;另取蓖麻油100ml加热至160℃,在搅拌下加入上述乳浊液,160℃保温10min,搅拌6h;加入乙醚200ml脱脂,离心,弃去油相,沉淀依次用乙醚、乙醇漂洗,最后置换在蒸馏水中,冷冻干燥48h,即成微球粉末。
  1.4.2 大鼠腹部?u状皮瓣模型制备:实验动物术前1d禁食,10% Na2S将腹部脱毛备用,3%戊巴比妥钠(40mg/kg)腹腔内注射进行全身麻醉,参照Manson等的方法设计以腹壁浅血管为蒂的3cm×6cm大小的岛状皮瓣,常规消毒后于皮下内膜层掀起皮瓣备用。
  1.4.3 实验方法:皮瓣制备完成,用微血管夹夹闭腹壁浅动脉以阻断血流,使皮瓣缺血;5h后取下微血管夹,使皮瓣再灌注,同时经对侧股动脉插管,实验组注射磁性前列地尔脂微球,并在皮瓣外覆盖铷铁硼稀土磁铁;对照组注射生理盐水;空白组仅制备腹部岛状皮瓣,不进行血管阻断及药物注射。前列地尔脂微球及生理盐水注射首次剂量为20mg/kg,并以10mg/kg/min维持2h。实验组及对照组皮瓣再灌注后2h、空白组皮瓣制备后7h,原位缝合皮瓣。
  1.5 观察指标
  1.5.1 前列地尔脂微球磁响应观察:将前列地尔脂微球按浓度比1:10加入0.1%生理盐水中,超声分散,倒置显微镜下观察微球分散情况;同时,取混悬液1滴滴于载玻片上,然后将1块表面强度为3000高斯的铷铁硼磁铁置于载玻片一端,镜下观察微球运动及聚集情况。
  1.5.2 皮瓣血流量测定:于缺血前,缺血1h、2h和5h及再灌注5min、0.5h和2h时,以激光多普勒血流仪测定各组皮瓣血流量,单位nl/s。
  1.5.3 皮瓣组织MDA和NO含量测定:三组均于皮瓣术后即刻、再灌注后0.5h及2h分别取皮瓣边缘全层组织100mg,按照晏泽等的方法制成匀浆后测定MDA和NO含量。
  1.5.4 皮瓣成活率测定:皮瓣原位缝合后7d用坐标贴纸法测定皮瓣设计面积及成活面积,推算其成活率。皮瓣成活率=成活面积/设计面积×100%。
  1.5.5 血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)检测:皮瓣原位缝合7d后取皮瓣全层组织,多聚甲醛固定、脱水、石蜡包埋,取5μm连续切片,免疫组化法检测皮瓣组织VEGF表达。
  1.6 统计学分析:所有数据采用SPSS17.0软件包进行统计分析。计量资料用均数±标准差(x?±s)表示,采用t检验,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,P0.05);在皮瓣术后5.5h、7h,即再灌注后0.5h、2h,其NO含量空白组>实验组>对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);皮瓣术后5.5h,即再灌注后0.5h,与空白组相比,实验组皮瓣组织中MDA含量无显著增加(P>0.05),对照组增加明显(P  本次研究中将前列地尔包裹在直径为0.2μg的脂微球内,实验证实前列地尔脂微球体的外磁响应性好,具有超顺磁性。其作用于病变部位具有如下优势:①高靶向性:脂微球进入血管后,主要与血小板一起在血管边缘流动,并可黏附于血管内皮细胞,因此前列地尔脂微球可在外加磁场作用下聚集于病变部位,将药物运输至病变组织或器官,选择性的扩张该部位血管,促进侧枝循环的建立,改善局部微循环;②药效持续时间长:前列地尔脂微球载体制剂在脂微球的屏障保护作用下,肺部对其灭活作用明显减少,内皮网状系统对其的吞噬作用也明显减弱;③降低不良反应发生率:在脂微球的保护下,前列地尔脂微球对血管的刺激及炎症反应均显著降低。
  本研究发现,注射前列地尔脂微球后,皮瓣微循环血量在短期内增加,远期成活率也显著提高。而对皮瓣组织的取样检测发现,皮瓣组织内NO水平增高,MDA水平降低,说明前列地尔脂微球对皮瓣微循环和皮瓣成活率的影响是通过增加NO含量、降低MDA的水平来实现的。这些结果进一步证实了Cordeiro等的实验结果,同时对前列地尔的作用机制进行了更深层次地探讨。结果显示,具有磁场顺应性前列地尔脂微球,可更好地提高病变部位的药物浓度,减少药物在非病变部位的蓄积,改善皮瓣微循环,减轻缺血再灌注损伤,有效提高皮瓣成活率。
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  [收稿日期]2017-06-26 [修回日期]2017-08-01
  ?辑/朱婉蓉
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