9738085 发表于 2018-8-16 19:47:19

2018两种不同入路鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎比较

  [摘要] 目的 比较鼻内镜下经鼻?c经口两种不同入路切除儿童腺样体治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效评估与分析。 方法 选取昆明市第一人民医院2016年2月~2017年1月进行腺样体切除手术治疗分泌性中耳炎儿童73例分为两组,A组37例经鼻0°鼻内镜下腺样体切除,B组36例经口70°鼻内镜下腺样体切除,比较两组治疗效果、手术时间、术后并发症发生率及恢复时间。 结果 两组患者均顺利完成手术,A组痊愈23例(62.16%)、有效12例(32.43%)、无效2例(5.41%),B组痊愈22例(61.11%)、有效11例(30.56%)、无效3例(8.33%),两组疗效无统计学差异(P>0.05)。但A、B两组手术时间分别为(22.00±2.00)和(35.00±2.00)min,术后并发症发生率分别为10.81%和55.56%,恢复时间分别为(2.49±0.83)和(5.69±0.92)d,两组均有统计学差异(P http://
  [关键词] 鼻内镜;腺样体肥大;分泌性中耳炎;儿童
  [中图分类号] R766.9;R764.21 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)32-0048-04
   Objective To compare the efficacy evaluation and analysis of two different approaches of transnasal and transoral adenoidectomy under endoscopy in the treatment of secretory otitis media. Methods A total of 73 children with secretory otitis media who were given adenoidectomy from February 2016 to January 2017 in Kunming First People's Hospital were selected and assigned to two groups. Group A of 37 patients was given transnasal adenoidectomy, and group B of 36 patients was given transoral adenoidectomy under 70° nasal endoscopy. The treatment effect, operation time, complications incidence rate and recovery time before and after the operation were compared between the two groups. Results The two groups of patients were successfully completed the operation. In group A, there were 23 cases recovered(62.16%), 12 cases effective(32.43%), and 2 cases ineffective(5.41%). In group B, there were 22 cases recovered(61.11%), 11 cases effective(30.56%), and 3 cases ineffective(8.33%). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). However, the operation time of group A and group B was(22.00±2.00)and(35.00±2.00)minutes respectively, the complications incidence rate was 10.81% and 55.56%, and the recovery time was(2.49±0.83)and(5.69±0.92)days. The three indexes were statistically different between the two groups(P  1资料与方法
  1.1 ?R床资料
  本研究选取昆明市第一人民医院2016年2月~2017年1月进行腺样体切除手术治疗分泌性中耳炎儿童73例,分为两组,男44例,女29例,年龄4~12岁,平均(5.64±1.90)岁,中位数5岁。均诊断为腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎,A组37例,男22例,女15例,平均年龄(5.73±1.91)岁,经鼻0°鼻内镜下腺样体切除,B组36例,男22例,女14例,平均年龄(5.56±1.92)岁,经口70°鼻内镜下腺样体切除。两组患者在年龄、性别分布无统计学差异(P>0.05),且病史特点等一般资料方面无差异,所有患者家属均签署手术同意书及治疗方案选择同意书。
  1.2 腺样体肥大及分泌性中耳炎纳入标准
  所有患儿术前行鼻咽侧位片及鼻部CT检查、鼻内镜或电子纤维喉镜,提示腺样体A/N比值超过0.6或者占后鼻孔60%以上,按A/N比值0.61~0.70为中度肥大,A/N比值>0.70为病理性肥大;按与咽鼓管比邻关系分为:Ⅰ型腺样体高度低于圆枕,Ⅱ型与咽鼓管水平并紧贴,咽鼓管咽口可见,Ⅲ型高于圆枕甚至遮盖咽口。分泌性中耳炎患者主要症状为听力下降、耳闷、急性起病者有耳痛,体征为鼓膜轻度充血、鼓膜内陷、鼓膜颜色改变,部分患者鼓室可见液平;检查siegle耳镜提示鼓膜活动受限,纯音听阈提示传导性听力损失,声导抗检查提示鼓室图为B或C型。
  1.3 试验方法
  73例患儿均采取气管插管-静脉复合麻醉手术,取平卧位,肩下垫枕,头圈固定,常规消毒铺巾。复发性OME患儿同时行内镜下鼓膜置管术。
  1.3.1 A组 A组采取0.01%肾上腺素棉片鼻腔浸润收缩鼻甲后,采用0° STORZ鼻窦内窥镜摄像系统监视下行鼻动力系统腺样体刨削,根据腺样体范围选择直头或弯头电动吸割刀头,通过选择模式及同步负压吸引切除腺样体组织,从腺样体外侧周缘开始向另一侧移动,并以咽鼓管圆枕为中心内向包围,完整切除后经鼻塞入棉片压迫止血。
  1.3.2 B组 B组采取0.01%肾上腺素棉片鼻腔浸润收缩鼻甲后,Davis开口器暴露口咽腔,经鼻插入导尿管悬吊软腭,暴露鼻咽部,经口在70° STORZ鼻窦内窥镜摄像系统监视下,操作医师一手持鼻内镜,一手持电动刨削吸割器,通过患儿口咽部将弯头吸割刀送入鼻咽部,切除腺样体组织,避免损伤咽鼓管圆枕,行动力系统腺样体刨削后经口塞入纱球压迫止血。
  两组患儿术后均常规使用抗生素3 d,随访3个月。
  1.4 观察指标
  手术后3个月复查,疗效分为痊愈:声导抗鼓室图改变为A型,耳闷耳痛症状完全消失,纯音听阈恢复正常,鼓膜形态恢复正常;有效:声导抗鼓室图改变为A型或C型,有轻微耳闷耳痛症状,鼓膜形态较前改善;无效:声导抗图无明显改变,治疗后症状及鼓膜形态均无改善或改善不明显。总有效率=[(痊愈例数+有效例数)/总例数]×100%。
  1.5 统计学方法
  采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件分析数据,计数资料采用χ2检验,计量资料采用t检验,检验标准为α=0.05。
  2 结果
  2.1 两组患者治疗效果比较
  73例患者均成功完成手术:A组痊愈23例,占62.16%,有效12例,占32.43%,无效2例,占5.41%;B组痊愈22例,占61.11%,有效11例,占30.56%,无效3例,占8.33%。两组患者痊愈率与国外的类似研究相近,疗效确切。A组和B组治愈率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),见表1。
  2.2 两组患者手术时间及恢复时间比较
  A组平均手术时间(22.00±2.00)min,B组平均(35.00±2.00)min,结果显示差异有统计学意义(P  综上所述,儿童分泌性中耳炎的发生与腺样体肥大之间存在明显因果关系,而腺样体的形态及其与咽鼓管咽口的比邻关系与分泌性中耳炎的发生密切相关,Ⅱ、Ⅲ型腺样体较易导致儿童分泌性中耳炎的发生,而在通过切除腺样体治疗OME手术入路选择中,相较于经口入路的腺样体切除手术,经鼻0°镜下的手术入路疗效显著,操作简单,手术视野清晰,术中损伤小,术后恢复快,对高位腺样体的切除及咽鼓管咽口的保护与处理优于经口入路,具有良好的临床应用价值。
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  (收稿日期:2017-09-12)
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